Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Chemistry (SEM1) > Electrolytes Basic Must Knows > Flashcards

Electrolytes Basic Must Knows Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Predominant CATION in the extracellular fluid

A

Sodium

“Potassium In, Sodium Out” - Extacellular –> Out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electrolyte responsible for DNA replication

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrolyte used for ATP production

A

Magnesium, Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sodium is 99% reabsorbed by the renal tubules, influced by what hormone?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This hormone blocks secretion of both aldosterone and renin

A

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The most common electrolyte disorder

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For every ______ increase in blood glucose, there is a decrease by _______ mmol/L of serum sodium

A

For every 100mg/dL increase in blood glucose, there is a decrease by 1.6 mmol/L of serum sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methods of determination for Sodium

A
  • FEP (Yellow)
  • ISE - glass aluminum silicate
  • AAS
  • Colorimetry - albanese-lein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reference and Panic Value for Sodium

A

RV: 135-145 mmol/L
PV: <120mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major Intracellular Cation

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Major difference in function of sodium and potassium

A
  • Sodium - for regulation of serum osmolality
  • Potassium - for regulation of intracellular volume and H+ concentration; contraction of heart and excitibility of muscles

Decreased serum osmolality = increased sodium loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classify Addison’s disease for potassium and sodium levels

A

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classify diabetic acidosis’ sodium levels

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classify severe dehydration’s sodium levels

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the acid-base balance influence of potassium in the body

A

Acidosis - favors K efflux
Alkalosis - favors K influx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormones that influences intracellular shifting of Potassium

A

Insulin, Cathecolamines, Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Potassium reference value

A

3.5 to 5.1 mmol/L

18
Q

Methods used for potassium determination

A
  1. FEP (Violet)
  2. ISE - valinomycin gel
  3. AAS
  4. Colorimetry - Lockhead-Purcell
19
Q

Classify Cushing’s disease sodium and potassium levels

A

Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia

20
Q

At what levels do weakness, fatigue, constipation appear with hypokalemia?

A

Below 3 mmol/L

21
Q

Most abundant cation in the body
Third most abundant in the blood

A

Calcium

22
Q

Most abundant extracellular anion cation

A

Anion = Chloride
Cation = Sodium

23
Q

The only ion that serves as an enzyme activator

A

Chloride

24
Q

Used for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

A

Sweat chloride

25
Q

Method for determination for Calcium

A
  1. Schales and Scahles - Mercurimetric Method
  2. Cotlove - coloumetric amperometric titration
  3. ISE - electrodes with AgCl membranes
26
Q

Does PTH increase or decrease by:
* stimulating release of calcium from bones
* stimulating reabsorption of calcium
* increase absorption of calcium

A

Increase

27
Q

Does calcitonin increase or decrease plasma calcium concentration?

A

Decrease

By stimulating uptake of calcium by bones and increase calcium excr

28
Q

Two forms of calcium in plasma

A
  • Protein-Bound - 80% to albumin, 20% to globulin
  • Free calcium - with citrates, bicarbonates
29
Q

Calcium methods of determination

A
  1. AAS - Reference Method
  2. ISE -liquid membrane, to measure ionized calcium
  3. Dye-binding
  4. Clark-Collip Precipitation - purple end point
  5. Ferro-Ham Chloronilic Acid - react with EDTA
30
Q

4th most abundant cation and 2nd most abundant intracellular ion

A

Magnesium

31
Q

Most affected by hemolysis

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Magnesium
32
Q

This electrolyte is used as a therapeutic agent (anti-convulsant, laxative, antacid effects) and can be obtained from dietary sources such as nuts, vegetables, etc.

A

Magnesium

33
Q

Only ion that serves as an enzyme activator

A

Chloride

34
Q

Major intracellular anion used to maintain pH of body fluids and an important constituent of bones

A

Phosphate

35
Q

Enumerate anion gap formulas and their reference values

A
  • Na - (Cl + HC03): 7-16 mmol/L
  • (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3): 10-20 mmol/L
36
Q

Electrolytes responsible for Acid-Base Balance

A

HCO3, K, Cl

37
Q

Electrolytes responsible for blood coagulation

A

Calcium, Magnesium

38
Q

Cofactors in enzyme activation

A

Mg, Ca, Zn

39
Q

Electrolytes for myocardial rhythm and contractility

A

K, Mg, Ca

40
Q

Production and use of ATP from glucose

A

Mg, PO4

41
Q

Regulation of ATPase pumps

A

Mg

42
Q

Volume and osmotic regulation

A

Na, K, Cl

Clinical Chemistry (SEM1) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions