Electrolytes

Question 1

Where is most of our water?

Answer 1

in our cells

Question 2

ECF and ICF are determined by what?

Answer 2

ECF= sodium
ICF=potassium

Question 3

What does ADH do?

Answer 3

water resorb because sensed low volume

Question 4

True or false sodium goes up if ADH?

Answer 4

FALSE-low because dilutional

Question 5

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 5

increase sodium+ water

Question 6

What does ANP do?

Answer 6

get rid of water

Question 7

What is normal amount of water a day?

Answer 7

1400ml

Question 8

How does volume depletion usually happen?

Answer 8

due to sodium loss

Question 9

Signs of hypovolemia?

Answer 9

hypotension standing, thirst, tired, mental changes

Question 10

How to restore mild hypovolemia? what if needing quickly?

Answer 10

isotonic fluids, NS,

need wuick= 1-2 bolus

Question 11

signs of hypervolemia?

Answer 11

dyspnea, leg swelling, weight gain

Question 12

How to fix hypervolemia?

Answer 12

restrict sodium, diuretics

Question 13

How do thiazide effect electrolytes?

Answer 13

decrease sodium, decrease K, decrease Mg, INCREASE Ca

Question 14

How do loop effect electrolytes?

Answer 14

decrease K,Mg,CA

Question 15

How do K sparing diuretics effect electrolytes?

Answer 15

Increase K

Question 16

If you drink too much water what happens?

Answer 16

hyponatremia

Question 17

What is hyperosmolar hyponatremia?

Answer 17

Na is normal but high glucose= dilution hyponatremia

Question 18

What causes hypovolemic hyponatremia?

Answer 18

drugs causing sodium loss with water such as diuretics

Question 19

What causes hypervolemic hyponatremia?

Answer 19

heart failure retaining fluid and causing dilution hyponatremia

Question 20

What causes euvolmeic hyponatremia?

Answer 20

ADH or SIADH

Question 21

What drugs can cause SIADH?

Answer 21

SSRI, AP, NSAID

Question 22

How long is chronic hyponatremia?

Answer 22

> 3 days

Question 23

How can we know if hyponatremia is due to glucose and not salt?

Answer 23

if osmolality is high

Question 24

What test tells us if hyponatremia is due to ADH?

Answer 24

if urine osmolality that is normal and NOT low

Question 25

Why do we have to correct hyponatremia slowly?

Answer 25

rapid cell swelling if done fast

Question 26

Limit of Na a day?

Answer 26

8mEq per day

Question 27

If ADH is the issue in hyponatremia how does NS help?

Answer 27

restores vascular volume which turns off ADH receptors

Question 28

How to fix evolemic hyponatremia?

Answer 28

treat underlying water restriction, salt tablets, loop diuretics

Question 29

Is hypernatremia due to salt intake or water loss?

Answer 29

usually water loss

Question 30

How does our body attempt to minimize hypernatremia?

Answer 30

become thirsty, concentrate urine

Question 31

How does the body lose water?

Answer 31

diarrhea, sweat, diabetes, diuretics

Question 32

What is the difference between central diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic?

Answer 32

central= not secreting ADH nephrogenic= kidney not listening to ADH

Question 33

How to fix central insipidus?

Answer 33

desmopressin (ADH)

Question 34

How to fix nephrogenic insipidus?

Answer 34

sodium restriction and thiazide

Question 35

How to treat hypernatremia?

Answer 35

D5W, loop diuretic

Question 36

What is the most abundant cation in the body?

Answer 36

potassium

Question 37

WHat hormone excretes K?

Answer 37

aldosterone

Question 38

What hormone drive K into cells?

Answer 38

insulin and epinephrine

Question 39

What can cause low K?

Answer 39

vomit, diarrhea, diuretics

Question 40

What other low electrolyte contributes to low K?

Answer 40

hypomagnesium

Question 41

HOW much K fixes K levels by 0.1?

Answer 41

10mmol

Question 42

Why don't you want to fix low K too fast?

Answer 42

cardiac issues

Question 43

What is the main contributor to high K?

Answer 43

ESRD

Question 44

How to fix high K?

Answer 44

Calcium gluconate- protect heart insulin, sodium bicarbonate diuretics kayexalate

Question 45

Where is most magnesium found?

Answer 45

bone-most muscle

Question 46

What can cause low Mg?

Answer 46

diuretics, PPI, diarrhea, colitis

Question 47

Side effect of too much Mg?

Answer 47

diarrhea

Question 48

When do you get severe sx of magnesium?

Answer 48

>2 mmol

Question 49

How to fix hyper magnesium?

Answer 49

calcium to protect heart loop diuretics

Question 50

Normal pH?

Answer 50

7.4

Question 51

If issue with lungs what fixes it?

Answer 51

kidney

Question 52

If kidneys are having issues what fixes?

Answer 52

Lungs

Question 53

If pCO2 is high what does this mean?

Answer 53

resp acidic and kidneys will try to excrete H and retain bicarb

Question 54

How to fix metabolic acidosis?

Answer 54

bicarb

Question 55

What drugs can cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 55

metformin, lithium, topiramate

Question 56

What can cause metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 56

vomit, diuretics

Question 57

How to treat metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 57

correct underlying and volume repletion

Question 58

How long will it take for bicarbonate to go down in resp alkalosis?

Answer 58

>24 hours

Question 59

WHo get resp alkalosis?

Answer 59

pregnant, high altitude

Question 60

What can cause resp acidosis?

Answer 60

anything that slows breathing or restricts breathing