Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Potassium
What saying to remember what potassium does?

A

kalemias do the same as the prefix except for HR & urine output
K+ =Heart effected

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2
Q

S/S of Hyperkalemia

A

Brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: oliguria
Bowel: diarrhea, borborygmi
Muscles: spasticity
Reflexes: +3, +4
-T waves passed & S wave elevated

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3
Q

S/S of Hypokalemia

A

Brain: lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Tachycardia
Urine: Polyuria
Bowel: constipation
Muscles: flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2
-Cushing’s (retain sodium & water=loss of potassium)

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4
Q

Calcium
What saying to remember what Calcium does?

A

Calcemias do the Opposite as the prefix
Ca+ =muscles effected

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5
Q

S/S of Hypercalcemia

A

Everything goes Down
Brain: Lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: Oliguria
Bowel: Constipation
Muscles: Flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2

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6
Q

S/S of Hypocalcemia

A

Everything speeds UP
Brain: Irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: tachycardia
Urine: polyuria
Bowel: diarrhea
Muscles: spasms
Reflexes: +3, +4
-Chvostek sign: touch their CHEEK, spasm of the face
-Trousseau sign: bp cuff on then spasm of hand

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7
Q

Magnesium
What is the saying to remember Magnesium?

A

Magnesium does the Opposite as the prefix
-In a tie DO NOT pick Magnesium, pick Ca over Mg

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8
Q

S/S of Hypermagnesemia

A

Everything goes Down
Brain: Lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: Oliguria
Bowel: Constipation
Muscles: Flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2

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9
Q

S/S of Hypomagnesemia

A

Everything speeds UP
Brain: Irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: tachycardia
Urine: polyuria
Bowel: diarrhea
Muscles: spasms
Reflexes: +3, +4

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10
Q

HypErnatremia S/S

A

dEhydration (DKA, DI, HHNK)
S/S: Hot flush skin
-Give lots of fluids

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11
Q

HypOnatremia S/S

A

fluid Overload (SIADH)
Tx. Give Lasix & Restrict Fluids

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12
Q

What is the Earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder?

A

Numbness & Tingling–> Paresthesia
Circumoral parathesis= numbness/tingling of the lips

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13
Q

What is the universal sing of any electrolyte disorder?

A

Muscle weakness Paresis

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14
Q

What are the Rules for Tx. K+

A
  1. NEVER give as IV push
  2. NEVER more than 40 of K+ per liter of IV fluid
    -If more question and clarify w/ dr
    High K+ can stop heart
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15
Q

How do you lower K+

A
  1. D5W w/ regular Insulin
    –(temporary but fast)
  2. Kayexalate “kay exits late”
    –(removes K but slow)
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