Canes, Crutches, Walkers/Delusion,Halucinations/Psychosis Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you measure the length of the crutch?

A

2-3 finger widths below the Anterior Axillary fold with the base of the crutch is lateral and slightly in front of the foot
NEVER us a landmark on the foot for measurement

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2
Q

How low should the hand grips of the crutch be? What angle are the elbows at?

A

30 degrees

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3
Q

How does a 2-point crutch gait walk?

A

1 crutch with the Opposite foot move forward together. 1 crutch+opposite leg move forward, then other crutch+opposite foot move
*2 things moving at same time 2, 2, 2, 2
*Mild Bilateral weakness

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4
Q

How does a 3-point crutch gait walk?

A

2 crutched (Both) + Bad leg move forward together. Then good leg moves forward
3, 1, 3, 1 walking formation
Partial weight bearing

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5
Q

How does a 4-point crutch gait walk?

A

Everything moves separately
1 crutch–>opposite foot–> 2nt crutch–> opposite foot
**1, 1, 1, 1
For severe Bilateral Weakneess

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6
Q

How does a swing through crutch gait walk?

A

Effected leg never touched ground
**Non-weight bearing & Amputee

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7
Q

When is a 2 point crutch gait used?

A

When weakness is EVENLY DISTRIBUTED on Both legs (even # of legs)
Mild Bilateral Weakness

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8
Q

When is a 3 point crutch gait used?

A

Use when 1 leg is Effected (1=Odd number so 3)
**1 leg effected for–>
PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING

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9
Q

When is a 4 point crutch gait used?

A

Use when weakness is on both legs (even * of legs 2)
**Severe Bilateral Weakness

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10
Q

When is a Swing Through crutch gait used?

A

Non-weight bearing
ex. amputee

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11
Q

How do you go up the stair with crutches?

A

Good leg up step–> Crutches–> Bad Leg
**Up with the good, down with the Bad
-Crutches then followed by the bad leg

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12
Q

How do you go down the stairs with crutches?

A

Crutches–> Bad legs–> Good leg
**Up with the good, down with the Bad
-Crutch then followed by by the bad leg

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13
Q

What side is the cane held on strong or weak side?

A

Strong side

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14
Q

How do you walk with a cane?

A

Cane(strong side)–> Opposite foot (weak side)–> strong side leg

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15
Q

How do you use a walker?

A

Pick walker up–> set walker down–> walk forward to the walker (effected then strong leg)

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16
Q

Where do you place tied stuff on a walker?

A

Place on the side of the walker Not the front

17
Q

What question should you ask yourself with any psych question?

A

Is my pt. non-psychotic or psychotic?

18
Q

What is a non-psychotic pt. like? (description)

A

Person has insight & is Reality Based
-They are emotionally, mentally, behaviorally ill, BUT they are NOT psychotic

19
Q

What kind of approach/techniques do you use for a non-psychotic pt.?

A

Treat them as any Med-surg, OB, normal pt. (nothing special)
*Good therapeutic communication, “Tell me more”

20
Q

What is a psychotic pt. like? (description)

A

No personal insight
Not reality based
-Do not believe they are sick, may blame others for their illness

21
Q

What are 3 characteristics a psychotic pt may have?

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Illusions

22
Q

What are delusions?

A

False, Fixed (unchanging) idea or belief
(No sensory component just a thought)

23
Q

What are the 3 types of delusions?

A

Paranoid delusion: people out to harm them
Grandiose delusion: false belief that they are superior to others
Somatic delusions: false belief about a body part

24
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

False, fixed sensory experiences based on all 5 senses
-Auditory (most common)

25
Q

What are illusions?

A

Misinterpretations of reality, sensory experience
-There is a referent to reality (smothering a person refers when they say something)
there is actually something there

26
Q

How to deal with psychotic pt. find out what their problem is?
What are the 3 types of psychosis?

A

Functions: can still function in everyday life (Includes: Schizos, major depression, manic)
Dementia: No insight/reality due to actual brain damage
Delirium

27
Q

How do you answer non-psychotic questions?

A

Pick the best threptic communication response

28
Q

If a question has a psychotic pt. determine which of the 3 categories they fall under? What are the 3 categories of psychosis?

A

Functional
Dementia
Delirium

29
Q

What are the steps to teach functional psychotic pt. reality?

A

-pt. has potential to learn reality
1. Acknowledge feelings
2. Present reality
3. Set limits
4. Enforce limits (end conversation do not take away a privilege)

30
Q

What are the steps to care for a dementia psychotic pt.?

A

Pt. Cannot Learn reality
1. Acknowledge feelings
2. Redirect
-Can reorientate person, place time, but not reality

31
Q

What are the steps to care for a delirium psychotic pt.?

A

This is a temporary but sudden change in pt.
1. Remove underlying cause
2. Acknowledge feelings
3. Reassure

32
Q

Neologism?

A

make up words