Electrolytes Flashcards
How do you treat asymptomatic but severe hyponatremia (<110)?
Water restriction
How slow should you raise sodium to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome?
No more than 8 mEq/L/24 hours
How do you treat acute symptomatic hyponatremia?
Hypertonic Saline (seizures is a common symptom to treat that shows it’s symptomatic)
What is the classic ECG change you would see with hypokalemia?
U Waves
What ECG changes would you see in patient with hyperkalemia?
Mild (5.5-6.5) is peaked T waves, Moderate (6.5-7.5) is prolongation of the P-R interval, Severe (>7.5) you would see loss of P-wave, wide QRS, sine wave, and V-fib (arrhythmias)
Why can chronic diarrhea cause hypokalemia?
RAAS activation
What can cause hypomagnesemia?
Chronic alcoholism, pancreatitis, severe burns, digestive system disorders, excessive diuretic use
Can glucose increase sodium?
yes, you raise the sodium 2.0-2.5 for every 100mg/dL glucose is over 100.
Does SlowMag have magnesium chloride?
YES
What does Mag-Tab have in it?
Magnesium Lactate
What do MagOx400 and Mag-Tab have in them?
Magnesium Oxide
How does accumulation of potassium in extracellular fluid effect resting membrane potential?
It decreases it, leading to increased depolarization and increased muscle excitability
How does hyperaldosteronism lead to hypokalemia?
Retaining sodium and water
How much does each 10 mEq of potassium raise serum potassium?
0.1 mEq/L.
Can SPS cause hypokalemia?
YES
