Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 1245 > Electrolyte General Knowledge > Flashcards

Electrolyte General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

When blood osmolality increases or blood volume decreases, _____ is released to conserve water.

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

By increasing water reabsorption, ADH helps dilute the blood and reduce its osmolality. This effect is crucial for maintaining proper fluid balance and preventing dehydration.

Simultaneously, ADH’s action leads to the ( dilution /concentration) of urine, as more water is retained, and ( less / more) is excreted in the urine.

A

Concentration

Less

The purpose of ADH is to retain water.

Lower serum Osmolality

Concentrate Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osmotic diuresis

A

refers to an increased production of urine due to the presence of certain substances in the renal tubules that prevent the normal reabsorption of water. This phenomenon is often associated with the presence of osmotically active solutes in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference between ISOTONIC Hyponatremia & ISOTONIC Dehydration

A

Water & Salt lost at same rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Low urine sodium level

A

<25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

High urine sodium level

A

> 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypovolemia due to GI loses

Renal losses due to Stopping diuretics

Third Space

Diagnostics for

Low urine sodium <25

High urine sodium >40

A

Low urine sodium <25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

Renal salt loses due to diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, or cerebral wastinG

Diagnostics

Low urine sodium <25

High urine sodium >40

A

High urine sodium >40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nephrotic syndrome affects fluid levels include proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and resulting edema.

Hypovolemia/ Hypervolemia

A

Hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What affext will Aldosterone have on osmolality & specific gravity of urine.

A

Reduce them.

Aldosterone holds onto water

Reducing concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cells will fire excessively or not at all due to this electrolyte

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Morphine, Nitroglycerin, Digoxin are interventions for (Hypo / Hypervolemia)

A

Hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Liver failure or lack of protein can cause this to be low

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acietes from liver failure (liver doesn’t produce enough Albumin) causes this type of hypovolemia

A

Third space shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Third space shift refers to the abnormal distribution of fluid from the intravascular space to the interstitial or “third space,” which can lead to a deceptive fluid volume status.

While it involves the movement of fluid, it is commonly associated with (hypovolemia / Hypervolemia) In third space shift, even though there is a loss of fluid from the vascular compartment, the total body water may remain the same, contributing to its deceptive nature.

What is its cause

A

Hypovolemia

Lack albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Size needle size needle used for giving IV fluids

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Can you have too much fluid (Hypervolemia) and dehydration at the same time?

A

Yes, third space shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Severe (hyponatremia / Hypernatremia) can cause cerebral edema due to osmotic shifts of water into brain cells, leading to cellular swelling.

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal serum osmolality levels typically fall within the range of ____ to _____mOsm/kg (milliosmoles per kilogram) of water.

A

275 - 295

Higher the more Stuff in blood.

Higher the more Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isotonic Dehydration (Related to Na)
(Water & Sodium lost at equal amounts from the body)

Skin ____
Eyes ____
Mucous Membranes (Dry / Moist)
Skin Tugor (Decreased/ Increased)
HR (Decreased/ Increased)
BP (Decreased/ Increased)
Headache Present?
Weakness Present?

A

Skin Dry
Eyes Sunken
Mucous Membranes Dry
Skin Tugor Decreased
HR Increased
BP Decreased
Headache Present YES
Weakness Present YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Isotonic Dehydration (Related to Na)
(Water & Sodium lost at equal amounts from the body)

Causes

Vomit
NG suction
Diarrhea
Hemorrhage
Cell destruction
Burns
Heat stroke
Sweating

A

Vomit
Diarrhea
Hemorrhage
Burns
Heat stroke
Sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Seizures and Stupor happen at this level of sodium

A

110 LOOK UP LATER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A patient who is dehydrated with Hypernatremia may have (Symptoms of Hypervolemia)

Elevated BP
Bounding Pulse
Dyspnea

Why?

A

Release of ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypokalemia will have ___ Digoxin levels

A

Elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coffee, potatoes, dried fruits, fruits, veggies contain high this electrolyte

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hypokalemia interventions

When giving IV never do this.

Always do these 3

A

Never IV push or Bolus

Always:

Give Mg first
Use pump
Give at rate of <10 mEq/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lasix = this type of diuretics (With this function)

A

Loop. Clears out everything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rate at which to give Potassium in an IV pump

A

10 mEq/Hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ACE, NSAID, ARB, cause this problem with K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Elevated Ph will cause this problem with K

A

Hypokalemia

An elevated pH (alkalosis) can potentially cause hypokalemia, which is a decreased level of potassium in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

DKA / insulin deficiency

Relationship to K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Renal failure has this affect on K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hemorrhage shock has this problem with K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Burns, tissue damage, cell destruction have this affect on K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Acidosis has this affect on K

A

Hyperkalemia >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Adrenal Insufficiency (Addisons) has this affect on K

A

Hyperkalemia >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Assessment

Bradycardia

K

A

Hyperkalemia >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Assessment

Hypotension

K

A

Hyperkalemia >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Assessment

Rhythm Change
VFIB & VTACH

K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Assessment

Paresthesia, Muscle Weakness, Paralysis

K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Assessment

Numbness Starts in legs and progresses

K

A

Hyperkalemia >5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Assessment

Respiratory Distress

K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Assessment

Decreased Urine Output

K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Assessment

abdominal cramping, diarrhea

K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Lack of albumin causes Hypovolemia/ Hypervolemia

A

Hypovolemia

The water cant enter the blood vessels and Third space shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What will Aldosterone do in hyponatremia

A

Retain Na & H²O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Sodium think these types of problems

Potassium (K) think these types of problems

A

Na = Mental

K = Cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Main causes of Isovolemic Hyponatremia (2)

A

Renal failure

Medication: Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

If <120 Na give this type of IV, slowly (cerebral edema)

ICU only

A

Hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Regular Hyponatremia <135 But >120 give this IV fluid

A

Isotonic

Not D5W (Iso in bag / Hypo in body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Liver failure and CHF cause Hyponatremia how?

A

Water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Diuretics, NG suction, Renal problemas cause Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

SIADH will cause

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia

ADH holds onto water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Assessment

Fever, Flushed skin

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Elderly and infant are more likely to have

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyperkalemia

Decreased water intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Osmotic diuretics can cause

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Gi feeding without H²O flush

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Diarrhea & Vomiting are common causes of Hypernatremia

True or False

A

False not common.

NG suction more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Increased fluid retention/ increased reflexes

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Decreased urine output & increased thirst

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Use D5 / .45% or D5W

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Why gradual reduction of sodium in Hypernatremia

A

Prevent cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Thirst and low grade fever are associated

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

How is most potassium lost

A

80% urine

K not regulated by any means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Aldosterone stimulates

____ reabsorption

____ excretion

A

Na reabsorption

K excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

(Low / High) ph can cause H+ to be sub for K to maintain ICF neutrality

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Sodium potassium pump combats ____

A

Diffusion

Uses ATP for active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Hypokalemia =

Severe Hypokalemia =

A

<3.5
<2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

How does Low Mg cause Hypokalemia

A

It stops the sodium potassium pimp from working and potassium cant exit tje cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Lasix, Steroids, Laxatives cause

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Respitory Alkalosis causes

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

Alkalosis promotes the movement of potassium from the extracellular fluid into the intracellular space.

72
Q

NG suction / High urine output causes

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

73
Q

Hyperglycemia Osmotic Diuresis

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can contribute to hypokalemia

Insulin Effect:

Elevated blood glucose levels lead to increased insulin secretion. Insulin enhances the uptake of potassium into cells, lowering serum potassium levels.

Osmotic Diuresis:

Hyperglycemia causes an osmotic diuresis, where glucose is excreted in the urine along with water and electrolytes, including potassium.

74
Q

Insulin therapy will cause

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

75
Q

Burns cause

Hyperkalemia/ hyponatremia

A

Both

Hyperkalemia 1st

Hypokalemia 2nd

76
Q

Fluid loss in general causes

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

77
Q

If its Low its slow refers to

A

Hypokalemia

Everything is decreased

Lethargic
Low resp
Lethal cardiac concern
Loss Urine limp miscle
LOW BP & HR

78
Q

Low BP & HR

hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

79
Q

Paresthesia

Hypokalemia / Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

80
Q

Toxic effects of Elevated Digoxin

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

81
Q

Danger Zone for K level (High)

A

> 7

82
Q

Blood transfusions

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

83
Q

Elevated pH

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

84
Q

Too little output

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

85
Q

Tissue Injury

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

86
Q

Renal Failure

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

87
Q

DKA

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

88
Q

Cellular Destruction

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

89
Q

Hemorrhage Shock

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

90
Q

VFIB & VTACH

hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

91
Q

Decreased pH & increased H level

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

92
Q

Dialysis is used for

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hyperkalemia

93
Q

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Kayexalate (oral or enema)

Is used for

A

Hyperkalemia

94
Q

Give CaCl or Ca gluconate for Hyperkalemia (combats myocardial effects)

Describe them

A

CaCl 3x calcium then Calcium Gluconate

Calcium Gluconate USED MORE OFTEN

95
Q

Both Hypokalemia & Hyperkalemia should be on a _____ Diagnostic Tool

A

Cardiac Monitor

96
Q

Mg levels

A

1.3 - 2.1

97
Q

Maintains electric activity in nerves and muscles

A

Mg

98
Q

Important for cell metabolism

A

Mg

99
Q

Influences Ca absorption (electrolyte)

A

Mg

100
Q

DM / DKA W/ insulin

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

101
Q

Cause

PPI Prilosec

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

102
Q

Causes

TPN

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

103
Q

Causes

Laxatives

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

104
Q

Causes

Sepsis

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

105
Q

Causes

Cirrhosis

Hypomagnesemia /Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

106
Q

Causes

Hypocalcemia

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

107
Q

Causes

ETOH (Alcohol)

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

108
Q

Cause

Renal disease

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

Renal disease contributes hypocalcemia through:

Decreased Activation of Vitamin D:

The kidneys turn inactive vitamin D into its active form (calcitriol). Calcitriol enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

Reduced Reabsorption of Calcium:

Increased Phosphorus Levels:

In renal disease, there is often an associated elevation in serum phosphorus levels.

Which lower calcium

109
Q

Trousseau’s & Chvostek

Are related to these 2 conditions

A

Hypocalcemia PRIMARY

Hypomagnesemia

110
Q

Torsade de points (Fatal/ From Alcoholism)

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

111
Q

Involuntary movement, muscle cramps, seizures

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

112
Q

Low Mg <1.3

May see low electrolytes (2)

A

K & Ca

113
Q

When assessing a patient for which electrolyte imbalance do we check for Dysphagia

A

Hypomagnesemia

114
Q

For which electrolyte imbalance would we Decrease Stimuli.

Turn lights down
Sounds off

A

Hypomagnesemia

115
Q

Causes

Cell damage

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

116
Q

Causes

DKA

Hypomagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

117
Q

Causes

Hypothyroid/ Hyperparathyroidism

Hypomagnesemia/
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

118
Q

Causes

Renal dysfunction

Hypomagnesemia/
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia >2.1

119
Q

Causes

Certain antacids

Hypomagnesemia/
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia >2.1

120
Q

Causes

Dehydration

Hypomagnesemia/
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia >2.1

121
Q

S / S

Arrhythmia (bradycardia)

Hypomagnesemia/

Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia > 2.1

122
Q

SS

Leathargy, Weak, Depressed

Hypomagnesemia/
Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

123
Q

Tendon reflexes diminished

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

124
Q

SS

GI issues

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

125
Q

Respitory Arrest Sudden

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

126
Q

Cardiac Arrest

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypermagnesemia

127
Q

Intervention for Hypermagnesemia

This type of calcium….

A

Calcium Gluconate (Less Calcium)

128
Q

Why would a Mg patient need to be on a cardiac monitor?

A

Because it can affect the K levels

Mg is needed to bring K out of cell

129
Q

S S

SEIZURES & Stupor

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia <110

Correct

130
Q

SS

Flushed skin & Fever

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

131
Q

SS

Anorexia

Hyponatremia / Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

132
Q

Symptoms of ( hyponatremia Hypernatremia) include nausea, vomiting, headache, seizures, and in severe cases, cerebral edem

A

Hyponatremia

133
Q

Ataxia is associated with

Hyponatremia Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

134
Q

Causes

Corticosteroids

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Corticosteroids can contribute to hypernatremia

Increased Sodium Retention:

Corticosteroids, especially mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, promote sodium retention in the kidneys. They enhance the reabsorption of sodium and water.
Potassium Loss:

Corticosteroids can induce potassium loss in the urine, leading to a relative increase in sodium concentration.

135
Q

Causes

NG suction (Loss of fluids)

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

136
Q

Osmotic diuretics cause

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

Concentration of Tubular Fluid:

As osmotic diuretics prevent water reabsorption, the tubular fluid becomes more concentrated with solutes, including sodium. While water is being excreted, solutes, including sodium, become more concentrated in the remaining tubular fluid.

137
Q

Hypercortisolism & Hyperventilation cause

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hypernatremia

138
Q

CHF leads to

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia

139
Q

Liver failure is associated with

Hyponatremia/ Hypernatremia

A

Hyponatremia

140
Q

Lots of urine

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

141
Q

Leg cramps

Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

142
Q

Low blood pressure

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

143
Q

Heavy loss of fluid

Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia

A

Hypokalemia

144
Q

Prepare patient for ready for dialysis. Most patient are renal patients who get dialysis regularly and will have high potassium.

Intervention for

A

Hyperkalemia >5

145
Q

Kayexalate is sometimes ordered and given PO or via enema. This drug promotes GI sodium absorption which causes excretion

Intervention for….

A

Hyperkalemia >5

146
Q

Administer a hypertonic solution of glucose and regular insulin to pull the potassium into the cell

Interventions for..

A

Hyperkalemia

147
Q

Doctor may order potassium wasting drugs like Lasix or Hydrochlorothiazide

Intervention for…

A

Hyperkalemia

148
Q

Watch other electrolytes like Magnesium (will also decrease…hard to get K+ to increase if Mag is low), watch glucose, sodium, and calcium all go hand-in-hand and play a role in cell transport

Intervention for..

A

Hypokalemia < 3.5

149
Q

Other electrolyte issues are associated with a low Mg. level like (2)

A

hypOkalemia, hypOcalcemia

150
Q

Glycemic issues (Diabetic Ketoacidosis, insulin administration)

Effect magnesium levels how

A

Hypomagnesemia

151
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia (Excitability or Lethargy)

Hypermagnesemia (Excitability or Lethargy)

A

Hypomagnesemia Excitability

Hypomagnesemia Lethargy

Remember “Twitching” because the body is experiencing neuromuscular excitability. This is the OPPOSITE in hypermagnesemia where everything system of the body is lethargic.

152
Q

May administer potassium supplements due to hypokalemia

Hypomagnesemia/ Hypermagnesemia

A

Hypomagnesemia

hard to get magnesium level up if potassium level is down

153
Q

In severe cases of(hypomagnesemia/ hypermagnesemia) the release of calcium is inhibited (because the PTH is suppressed) and that is why you can see hypocalcemia if you have a severely (low/ high) magnesium level is present.

A

Hypermagnesemia

High

154
Q

calcium gluconaye may be order to reverse side effects of Hyper Magnesium (watch IV for infiltration…prefer central line)

True or False

A

True

155
Q

Celiac’s & Crohn’s Disease

Hypocalcemia or Hypercalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia

Cause Malabsorption of calcium in the GI tract

156
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia

157
Q

Chronic kidney issues

Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia

(excessive excretion of calcium by the kidneys)

158
Q

Mobility issues will cause this electrolyte deficit

A

Hypocalcemia

159
Q

Safety (prevent falls because patient is at risk for bone fractures, seizures precautions, and watch for laryngeal spasms)

Hypocalcemia/ Hypercalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia

160
Q

Administer IV calcium as ordered (ex: 10% calcium gluconate)….give slowly as ordered (be on cardiac monitor and watch for cardiac dysrhythmias).

Assess for infiltration or phlebitis because it can cause tissue sloughing (best to give via a central line).

Also, watch if patient is on Digoxin cause this can cause Digoxin toxicity.

Describes interventions for…

A

Hypocalcemia <8.5

161
Q

If phosphorus level is high (remember phosphorus and calcium do the opposite) the doctor may order aluminum hydroxide antacids (Tums) to decrease phosphorus level which in turn would increase calcium levels

Describes interventions for…

A

Hypocalcemia <8.5

162
Q

(This Medication)usage (affects the parathyroid and causes phosphate to decrease and calcium to increase)

A

Lithium

163
Q

Decrease calcium rich foods and intake of calcium-preserving drugs like _____ & Vitamin D

A

thiazides

164
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of hypocalcemia?
A. Low parathyroid hormone
B. Crohn’s Disease
C. Acute Pancreatitis
D. Thiazide Diuretics

A

The answer is D: Thiazide Diuretics

165
Q

Hypocalcemia / Hypercalcemia

(CRAMPS)
Relfexs Hyperactive
Muscle Spasmas
Laryngeal Spasms
Positive Trousseau & Chvostek

Hypocalcemia/ Hypercalcemia

(Weak)

Weakness
Absent Reflexes & Abdominal Distention
Kidney Stone formation

A

Hypocalcemia

Hypercalcemia

166
Q

Interventions Hypercalcemia

Give
Steroids
Phosphate

                True or False
A

True

167
Q

Interventions Hypocalcemia

Hydration
Diuretics
Hemodialysis

                      True or False
A

False

Interventions for Hypocalcemia

168
Q

Reduce Phosphate
(Aluminum Hydroxide Antacids)

Hypocalcemia/ Hypercalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia

169
Q

Assess for stridor in which imbalance

A

Hypocalcemia < 8.5

170
Q

Renal failure, bone cancer, thiazide diuretics

Hypocalcemia/ Hypercalcemia

A

Hypercalcemia >10.5

171
Q

Glucocortidicoid & Lithium affect Ca levels how

A

Hypercalcemia

172
Q

Chronic Kidney disease (excretion/waste)

Increased Phosphorus level

Mobility Issues

Hypocalcemia/ Hypercalcemia

A

Hypo <8.5

173
Q

Hypermagnesemia check _____ per teacher

A

Reflexes should be absent

174
Q

DKA is associated with these levels of Mg.

A

> 2.1

175
Q

Corticosteroids have this affect on NA and K

A

Na Hypernatremia

K hypokalemia

NURS 1245 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions