Electrolyte Disturbances

Question 1

Which drug causes hypomagnesemia
A. Levetiracetam
B.Etoricoxib
C.Digoxin
D.Heparin

Answer 1

C. Dig

Question 2

Which drug causes Hyperkalemia
A. Budesonide
B.Heparin
C.Methylprednisolone
D.Paroxetine

Answer 2

B.Heparin

Question 3

Which drug causes Hyperkalemia
A. Budesonide
B.Perindopril
C.Methylprednisolone
D.Paroxetine

Answer 3

B. Perindopril

Question 4

Which drug causes hyponatremia?
A. Citalopram
B. Gaviscon aniseed
C. Mannitol
D. Lithium

Answer 4

A. Citalopram // fun fact lithium causes hypernatremia in overdose…

Question 5

Which drug causes hyperuricemia?
A. Cisplatin
B. Budesonide
C. Furosemide
D. Atorvastatin

Answer 5

A,B,C: Loop, thiazide and certain chemotherapeutics can precipitate gout (hyperuricemia)

Question 6

Answer 6

108. b
109. f
110. g (due to phosphate binding to calcium to try and remove it out of the blood)

Question 7

Which electrolyte does corticosteroids disturb?

Answer 7

Potassium: Hypokalemia

Question 9

Mr C, a 76-year-old man, has been recently diagnosed with heart failure. He has been admitted to the cardiology ward with pulmonary oedema and has been started on IV furosemide. His U&E are being monitored daily to ensure they remain in range.

Which of the following is furosemide most likely to cause?

Question 40Answer

A.
hyperkalaemia

B.
hypernatremia

C.
hypercalcaemia

D.
hypocalcaemia

E.
hypokalaemia

Answer 9

E

Question 10

Answer 10

The end-point of digoxin’s effect is to open membrane calcium channels, resulting in an increased calcium influx into cells. When the calcium levels are high, in the setting of digoxin toxicity, the result is an increase in calcium influx and enhanced toxicity.

Question 11

Answer 11

Naloxegol is an antagonist of opioid binding at the mu-opioid receptor. When administered at the recommended dose levels, naloxegol functions as a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist in tissues such as the GI tract. Naloxegol is last line.

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

A sympathomimetic that directly acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction resulting in decreased blood flow. Therapeutic Effect: Decreased nasal congestion.

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

For hypokalemia what oral and IV preparations are used

Answer 16

Calcium chloride IV
Calcium Patromier: PO
Calcium gluconate IV

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 19

Symptoms of hypokalemia vs hyperkalemia

Answer 19

Hypokalemia: Muscle cramps and pain with rhabdomyolysis
 Weakness and fatigue and numbness (key differentiator)
 Palpitations and syncope
Hyperkalemia: Many people with hyperkalaemia may not have any symptoms, whilst other people have muscle weakness, muscle stiffness or fatigue. Severe hyperkalaemia can cause irregular heart beat (arrhythmia) leading to cardiac arrest and death.