Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EKG Technician > Electrocardiogram Technician: Module 5 > Flashcards

Electrocardiogram Technician: Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an important tool used to diagnose and treat various cardiac and cardiac related complications?

A

ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Being able to evaluate ECG waveforms is an essential and important

A

skill for healthcare professionals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Process of ECG evaluation involves a systematic approach that

A

varies among individuals who are evaluating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

To determine atrial rates

A

pick a point at the p wave for atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

To determine ventricular rates

A

pick a spot on the QRS complex for ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To get the heart rate, you would find the same spot on the next waveform or either atrial or ventricular and

A

count the number of small boxes and use the 1500 method to determine the rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you do after counting for heart rate

A

determine if the p wave is the same configuration for all waveforms either upwards, inverted, peaked, or different for each one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

After determine p wave configuration for all waveforms

A

determine if the p wave intervals are normal 0.12 - 0.20 second and make sure they are consistent in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four types of sinus rhythms?

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is normal sinus rhythm?

A

The desired rhythm intervals between two P and R waves that occur in a consistent patter

Rate for normal sinus rhythm is between 60-100 beats per minute.

P wave is upright and in uniform shape. One p wave before every QRS Complex

PR interval will be constant at 0.12 to 0.20

The QRS duration will be constant between 0.06 and 0.10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is sinus tachycardia?

A

Cardiac rhythm where the heart is beating faster than normal

Heart beat is more than 100 beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is sinus bradycardia?

A

Originates in the SA node and has a rate that is less than 60 beats per minute

The waveforms are the same criteria as normal sinus rhythm just more spaced out. Distance equals time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is sinus dysrhythmia?

A

It is an irregular rhythm and is caused by pressure on the heart from the respiratory cycle. The beat is 60 per minute but regularity will not be constant

It can change from tachycardia to bradycardia in seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is sinus arrest?

A

when the SA node stops firing and creates a stop or pause in electrical activity of the heart. Pause for 3 seconds or more.

No contraction of either the atria or ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For a sinus arrest, rhythm between the two p and r waves will be

A

irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

For a sinus arrest, rate of atrial and ventricular depolarization will be

A

the same but will vary on the electrical activity produced by the SA node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To determine frequency of pause for sinus arrest

A

measure the length of the pause by measuring the R-R interval around the pause and multiply the number of small boxes by 0.04.

Note the frequency of the pause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are atrial dysrhythmias?

A

Irregular heart rates caused by ectopic beats in the left or right atriums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ectopic beats are electrical impulse that is being generated from an area that does not usually have

A

automaticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the types of atrial dysthymias?

A

Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
Atrial Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter (Aflutter)
Atrial Fibrillation (Afib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Premature atrial contractions (PAC)?

A

Extra heartbeats in the upper chambers of the heart

Rhythms are constant except for occasional early complex or complexes

Rate will be 60-100 beats per minute but can be faster depending on frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

For premature atrial contractions (PAC), the p wave is usually

A

uniform in shape except for early beat. Early beat may be flattened, notched, or biphasic

PR interval will be between 0.12 to 0.20 seconds. Early beat has a different PR measure but within normal limits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

For premature atrial contractions (PAC), the QRS duration will be

A

normal at 0.6 to 0.10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Depending on severity of Pac, patient may experience symptoms such as

A

low cardiac output, if complications start to occur, please notify a clinician.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a wandering atrial pacemaker?

A

when the electrical impulse for the atria is generated at different sites such as one impulse from SA node and the other from AV node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

wandering atrial pacemaker will have

A

an irregular rhythm
a heart rate of 60-100
a constantly changing p wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is atrial flutter?

A

rapid impulse in atrial tissue that may lead to more serious health complications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If atrial flutter is not treated within the atrial waveform

A

you may see flutter to flutter waves and will stay regular.
R-R interval may be regular depending on the severity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Atrial flutter waves resemble a

A

saw-tooth and are best seen using leads 2, 3, and F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

For atrial flutter, the PR interval will be

A

unidentifiable and the QRS complex will be normal at 0.06 to 0.10 seconds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When atrial flutter occurs, there will be a loss of

A

atrial kick or atrial output by 10% to 30% and patient will show signs of low cardiac output.

32
Q

If you see low cardiac output, you must

A

notify clinician and treatment may include oxygen.

33
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

occurs when electrical impulses from areas of re-entry pathways or multiple ectopic foci (multiple areas of impulse)

34
Q

With atrial fibrillation, depolarization happens

A

in small groups instead of the whole atrium causes chaotic wave with unidentifiable P-wave

35
Q

With atrial fibrillation, the PR interval is

A

unidentifiable and atrial and ventricular rates will not match due to extra impulses in atrium.

36
Q

With Atrial fibrillation, the atrial rate will be

A

about 375 to 700 beats per minute due to certain electrical currents going through the HIS bundle.

37
Q

For atrial fibrillation, the ventricular rate will be

A

160 to 180 beats per minute due to multiple p waves

38
Q

For atrial fibrillation, PR interval cannot be determined but the QRS complex

A

will remain normal at 0.06 to 0.10 seconds

as with most dysrhythmias, patients will have low cardiac output

39
Q

Atrial Fibrillation can be controlled with

A

medication

40
Q

Because with atrial fibrillation less blood is moving from atrium to ventricles blood may

A

pool and clot in the atrium and lead to embolism.

report changes or complications in vitals to licensed clinicans.

41
Q

Cell in the AV Node have

A

automaticity and can function as a backup pacemaker

42
Q

Normal rate for AV node to function is

A

40 - 60 beats per minute

43
Q

What is Premature Junctional Complex (PJC)?

A

A premature junctional contraction (PJC) is an early, extra heartbeat.

A PJC starts in the junction of the heart, also known as the atrioventricular (AV) junction.

44
Q

What is Junctional Rhythm?

A

when heartbeat originates from AV node or his bundles

Shows inverted P wave and produces retrograde depolarization.

Report it to licensed clinician

45
Q

What is supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?

A

When your heart starts suddenly to beat faster than normal.

Origin identification is difficult, either atrium or av node.

46
Q

Premature Junctional Complex has a heart rhythm that is

A

irregular and the heart rate will depend on the rhythm

P wave of early beat will be inverted indicating retrograde depolarization.

47
Q

For Premature Junctional Complex, the PR interval may be

A

shorter than normal or completely absent.

QRS duration will be 0.06 to 0.10 seconds.

48
Q

Isolated Premature Junctional Complexes may cause no signs or symptoms

A

in healthy patients. Patients may experience low blood pressure and low cardiac output.

49
Q

For Junctional Rhythm, PR and R-R intervals are

A

regular with possibility of difficulty determining PR interval due to beat originating at AV junction

50
Q

Due to heartbeat being only 40-60 beats per minute from AV node this could lead to

A

hypotension (low blood pressure), confusion, and disorientation

51
Q

The rhythm of Supraventricular Tachycardia is usually

A

regular if identifiable and P wave may be regular or inverted.

52
Q

The ventricular rate of Supraventricular Tachycardia is

A

150 to 350

Atrial rate difficult to determine due to speed of SA or AV node

Report rhythm to clinician.

53
Q

What are heart blocks?

A

when electrical impulses are having difficulty travelling along the conduction pathway of the heart due to a block.

This leads to ventricular depolarization delays or absence.

54
Q

What are the three types of heart blocks?

A

First Degree Heart Block
Second Degree Heart Block
Third Degree Heart Block

55
Q

What is First Degree AV Block?

A

Delay in electrical conduction around av node stopping travelling of electrical impulses to the ventricular conduction system.

56
Q

The rhythm of first degree block between PR and RR intervals are

A

constant with a heart rate of 60 - 100 beats per minute

P wave will occur before all QRS complex due to block

57
Q

For first degree blocs the PR interval will be

A

greater than 0.20 seconds, but the QRS complex will stay 0.06 to 10 seconds as regular.

58
Q

Patients with first degree heart block will have

A

normal cardiac output during AV block and the rhythm should be monitored in case of severity to get to another type of heart beat.

59
Q

What is second degree AV block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)?

A

When some electrical impulse is blocked or not conducted at AV region.

AV Node will conduct electrical impulse to ventricles till it fails and resets the repeated pattern.

60
Q

For second degree AV block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach), the ventricular rhythm will be

A

irregular

PR interval will be regular except for where the pause occurs. PR interval will be irregular due to block.

P wave configuration will be normal and PR interval increasingly gets longer till cycle restarts. QRS duration will be normal.

61
Q

For second degree AV block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach), the atrial rate

A

stay within normal limits but ventricular rates will be slower than atrial rates.

62
Q

During second degree AV block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach), a patient may not

A

experience low cardiac output but the heart rate decreases to 40 beats or less.

This condition is temporary but needs to be treated immediately and notify clinician.

63
Q

What is second degree AV block (Mobitz II)?

A

This is the classical heart block where the av node selects which electrical impulses to block causing no discovered pattern or reason for dropping of the QRS complex.

an unexpected nonconducted atrial impulse, without prior measurable lengthening of the conduction time.

This type of heart block progresses frequently to third degree heart block.

64
Q

For second degree AV block (Mobitz II) the PR interval

A

stays regular, while the RR interval is irregular.

65
Q

For second degree AV block (Mobitz II) the atrial rate

A

remains in normal limits but ventricular rate will be slower due to block

P wave configuration is normal and upright. ORS complex will be normal and always observed.

66
Q

What is third degree heart block?

A

It is the complete heart block and all electrical impulses are blocked from getting to ventricles.

There will be no synchronicity between atrial and ventricular depolarization rhythm.

67
Q

For third degree AV block the PR and RR interval

A

will be regular but different from each other. SA node will produce 60 - 100 bpm but ventricles will fire separately at 20 - 40 bpm

68
Q

For third degree AV block the P wave configuration will

A

be normal but at times buried into the QRS complex due to block

number of p waves will out number the QRS complex because atrial depolarization happens faster than ventricular depolarization.

69
Q

For third degree AV block the PR interval will

A

vary but the QRS complex duration will remain constant and be with normal limits or be wider depending on location of block.

70
Q

Patients of a third degree block will show signs of

A

low cardiac output and may be unconscious. If patient is unconscious follow your facility’s policy on CPR.

Initiate code blue and may require temporary pacemaker.

71
Q

What are branch bundle block?

A

when one or both of the ventricular pathways (left and right bundle branches) have been damaged.

Longer contraction time will be reflected on the QRS Complex

72
Q

What is a right sided bundle branch block?

A

when the electricity on right side of heart has stopped somewhere around the HIS bundle.

Due to block, electrical impulse must travel to left ventricle first then to right ventricle.

73
Q

What is a left sided bundle branch block?

A

when the electricity on left side of heart has stopped somewhere after the HIS bundle.

Due to this electrical activity will travel to right side and then move to left.

74
Q

For branch blocks, the p wave configuration and deflection

A

will depend on the basic rhythm.

The PR interval will be normal 0.12 to 0.20 seconds and QRS duration will be 0.12 seconds or greater.

This extended time helps electrical impulse get to the ventricles

75
Q

Patients with Branch Blocks will exhibit

A

effects of underlying rhythm and widening of QRS complex must be reported.

If patient goes unconscious follow your facility’s policy for code blue.

EKG Technician (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions