Electricity (definitions) Flashcards
Electricity
the presence and flow of electric charge(+,-)
Electricity examples
- Toaster
- Lights
- Microwave
- Chargers
- TV
- Shower
Proton
Symbol= p+
Charge=+1
Mass= 1(.007) amu
Location= nucleus
Neuton
Symbol= n^o
Charge= no charge
Mass= 1(.008) amu
Location= nucleus
Electron
Symbol= e-
Charge= -1
Mass= 1/1832 p+ amu
Location= orbits/sheets/E levels
Charge
Electrons are free to move under the influence of an outside force (f(N)) either physical or electrical
Electrons loosely = conductors such as…
- All metals (some conduct less than others)
Carbon in the form of graphite (pencil)
Electrons tightly= insulators such as…
-Glass
- Plastic
- Wood
Static Electricity
- Excess electrons(elec E) near atom= negative charge
- Too few electrons(elec E) near atom= positive charge
Voltage
- The E that the charges in the backpacks of the electrons have
- Symbol= V
-Unit= V(volts) - Aka= Potential Difference, Just potential, EMFC
- Huges circuit
Current
-The amount of charge that flows past an ammeter per second
- Symbol=I
-Unit= A(amps)
- Attached in the circuit (counter)
Resistance
- A measure of how hard it is for elec I to move along a conductor
-Symbol= R - Unit= Ω
- Hurtle: makes difficult for electrons to pass
*no conductor=perfect + no insulator=perfect (all materials put up some resistance to e- flowing)
Ohms Law
as you increase V(turn dial on PS) the I increases
Direct Current
an elec I in which the e- are continuously moving in the same direction (ex: toys) new e- keep streaming
Altering Current
e- constantly reverse direction about 50-60times per sec=frequency (ex:bigger appliances, stove) old e- whiz back and forth
Power
- the rate at which E is transformed from one form to another
- how fast generated/used
-Unit= W(watts)
pieces of a LB
- Glass= lets light through
- Filament= long skinny piece of metal
- Metal at bottom= conduct
How to read resistor
- first colour = #
- second colour = #
- third colour = multiplier (x10^?)
- fourth colour = tolerance/% you are allowed to be off by
Electricity
- Material Used= copper, conductors, alloids
- Power of current= P–>I (high)
- Size of circuit= normal
Electronics
Material Used= semi-conductors (ex:Si + Ge)
- Power of current= p–>I (low)
- Size of circuit= miniature
Power Supply
the EF performed by a component that can generate or supply elec E
Conduction
EF performed by any component that can transmit elec I from one part of the circuit to another
Insulation
EF performed by any component that prevents an elec I from flowing
Protection
EF performed by any component that can automaticlt cut current flow in the event of a power surge
