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electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is electricity

A

the effects produced by moving charges

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2
Q

SI unit of charge is the

A

coulomb (C)

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3
Q

positively charged contains ___ protons than electrons

A

more

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4
Q

negatively charged contains ___ protons than electrons

A

less

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5
Q

fundamental principle of charge interaction

A

positively charged object will attract a negatively charged object

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6
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion

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7
Q

a current going down a line is __ energy

A

kinetic

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8
Q

electrical current is defined as

A

the amount of charge flowing per unit time

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9
Q

materials in which charges can easily move

A

conductor

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10
Q

an amp of current corresponds to

A

1 coulomb of charge per second

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11
Q

to be a good conductor,

A

electrons must be able to move easily from one atom to the next

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12
Q

most insulators are ___ and generally not good conductors except for

A

graphite

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13
Q

the energy required to push electrons though a material is a measure of the

A

resistance

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14
Q

resistance is measured in

A

ohms

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15
Q

ohm’s law relates

A

electrical potential = current x resistance

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16
Q

the reciprocal of resistance is

A

conductance

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17
Q

conductance is measured in

A

mhos

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18
Q

electric circuit

A

the closed path through which a charge flows

19
Q

direct current (DC) circuit

A

an electrical circuit in which the current flows in one direction only

20
Q

alternating current (AC) circuit

A

an electrical circuit in which the current reverses its direction in a periodic fashion

21
Q

short circuit

A

A situation in a circuit where the normal resistance of the circuit is bypassed by a low resistance path resulting in a large current

22
Q

series circuits - when batteries or resistors are connected in a series, the voltages and resistances are

A

added

23
Q

when resistors are connected in parallel,

A

current flows through each resistor independently of the other

24
Q

power =

A

the rate of using energy. energy/time.

25
Q

diodes

A

Diodes are circuit elements that have large conductance’s in one direction and a smaller in reverse. Used to control the current direction. Effective diodes can be made having p-type nad n-type regions next to each other.

26
Q

what is the branch of science concerned with the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when matter interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation

A

spectroscopy

27
Q

What law is the basis for the pulse ox?

A

Beer’s Law

28
Q

macroshock

A

large amt of current conducted thru a patients skin or other tissues. the extent of injury will depend on the amt of current and the duration of the exposure

29
Q

microshock

A

the delivery of small amt of current directly to the heart.

30
Q

microshock is a risk for

A

v-fib (<50 uA)

31
Q

v-fib can be produced by a current that is below the threshold of human perception

A

1 mA

32
Q

polarized plug

A

one narrow(high potential) one wide prong (low potential) so they can only go in the wall the correct way.

33
Q

three-pronged grounded plug

A

some electrical devices have a rounded third prong that is connected to ground when plugged into a three-pronged receptacle. This third prong is wired directly to the casing of the electrical device. if for some reason a high-potential wire comes into contact with the case, the current will flow directly though the third prong instead of through your body.

34
Q

ground fault circuit interrupter

A

used in circuits near water sources. GFCIs immediately (within 1ms) disrupt the flow of current in the circuit if a change in current is detected.

35
Q

disadvantage of GFCI

A

interrupts the power without warning - the defective piece of equipment can no longer be used, which might be a problem if it were necessary for life support

36
Q

ground systems - risk to humans

A

humans who are at ground potential because of what they are touching have to only touch a single object to complete a circuit, resulting in shock.

37
Q

to further decrease the risk of of electrical shock, electrical systems are ___ from the grounded electrical supply through the use of isolation transformers

A

isolated

38
Q

isolation transformers

A

rely on magnetic inductance to transfer a current from the grounded electrical system to an ungrounded secondary system without the two systems physically contacting each other.

39
Q

line isolation monitor

A

Alarms when a fault in an ungrounded system occurs- piece of equipment is causing a ground. a second fault can result in a shock

40
Q

line insolation monitors are located

A

between live wires and a ground so that the impedance to current flow can be measured.

41
Q

alarm set point for line isolation monitor is between

A

2-5 mA

42
Q

which two factors determine installing an isolated power

A

is the operating room a wet location? and if so is an interruptible power supply acceptable?

43
Q

___ is used to convert grounded power to ungrounded power

A

isolation transformer

44
Q

_____ warns that isolation of the power from ground has been lost in the event that a defective piece of equipment has been plugged into one of the isolated circuit outlets

A

line isolation monitor

Chem & Physics (9 decks)

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