acids, bases, and buffers Flashcards

1
Q

le chateliers principle

A

when a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition

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2
Q

a system is in a state of equilibrium when

A

there is a balance between reactants and products

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3
Q

the state of equilibrium is defined by

A

thermodynamics

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4
Q

as K (equilibrium constant) increases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor ___

A

products

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5
Q

as K (equilibrium constant) decreases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor __

A

starting materials

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6
Q

if you add products, the equilibrium will shift toward

A

reactants

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7
Q

if you remove products, the equilibrium will shift toward

A

products

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8
Q

most generally useful definition of an amide is the

A

bronstead definition

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9
Q

an acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) ___

A

donor

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10
Q

a base is a proton (hydrogen ion) ___

A

acceptor

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11
Q

when an acid donates a proton, it is converted into its

A

conjugate base

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12
Q

when a base accepts a proton, it is converted into its

A

conjugate acid

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13
Q

hydrogen and chloride are

A

conjugate acid base pairs

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14
Q

amphoteric species

A

can behave as either an acid or a base

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15
Q

the stronger the acid, the weaker the

A

conjugate base

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16
Q

the weaker the acid, the stronger the

A

conjugate base

17
Q

a ph buffer

A

a solution that resists changes in ph

18
Q

the ___ is used to determine the ratio of a weak acid to its conjugate base at a given ph

A

henderson hasselbach equation

19
Q

when the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal,

A

the pH is equal to the pKa

20
Q

nonionized =

A

lipid soluble

21
Q

ionized form of a drug is ___ soluble

A

water

22
Q

what is the ph of the body

A

7.4

23
Q

acid + acid =

A

nonionized

24
Q

if you see a salt drug - sodium drug, calcium drug, magnesium drug, you would recognize the drug as

A

the salt form of a weak acid

25
Q

base + base =

A

nonionized

26
Q

if you see salt: “drug” chloride, “drug” sulfate, recognize them as

A

the salt form of a weak base

27
Q

the pk50 of a weak acid/base is

A

the ph at which 50% is ionized and 50% is non-ionized

28
Q

the greater the ___ portion of the drug, the greater the transfer to brain and fetus

A

non-ionized

29
Q

the non-ionized form of a weak acid is the ___ and the ionized form is its ___

A

acid, conjugate base

30
Q

the non-ionized form of a weak base is the ___ and then ionized portion is the ____

A

base . conjugate acid

31
Q

a substance that accepts a hydrogen ion is said to be

A

protonated

32
Q

examples of weak acid drugs

A

thiopental, barbiturates, prop

33
Q

examples of weak base drugs

A

lidocaine (locals), morphine (opioids), versed (benzos), propofol:?

34
Q

trapping of local anesthetics in fetal circulation

A

the ph of the fetus is lower than maternal, the circulating non-ionized drug crosses the placental barrier. once in the fetus, equilibrium is reestablished, with a greater % ionized and trapped in fetal circulation