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Science Year 2 > Electrical Systems > Flashcards

Electrical Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are electrical cells

A

Portable source of electricity

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2
Q

Wat do electrical cells contain

A

Chemical Potential energy which is converted to electrical energy and then different types of energy

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3
Q

What is an electrical circuit

A

Path along which electrical currents move, formed by electrical components joined together

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4
Q

What is a closed circuit

A

Electrical components joined together without any gap creating a complete pathway for electrical current to flow through

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5
Q

What is open circuit

A

Electrical components joined with a gap between creating incomplete path way for electrical current to flow

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6
Q

What is an electrical current

A

Flow of electric charges

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7
Q

How to measure electrical current

A

Ammeter

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8
Q

How to connect ammeter to a circuit

A

Positive terminal of ammeter to positive terminal of the electrical cell

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9
Q

How does conventional current flow + what does it carry

A

Charge carriers are positive charges

Flows from positive to negative end of terminal

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10
Q

What is electron flow and what does it carry

A

Carries electrons

From negative to positive terminal of battery

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11
Q

What is potential difference

A

Aka voltage

Amount of work done to drive a unit charge through the component

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12
Q

How to measure potential difference

A

Using voltmeter

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13
Q

How to connect voltmeter

A

Connect in parallel to appliance

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14
Q

What is electrical resistance

A

Measurement of how much the component opposed the flow of electrical current

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15
Q

SI unit of resistance and relationship

A

SI unit: ohm

The higher the electrical resistance, the harder it is for current to flow through causing current flow to be lower

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16
Q

How does high/low resistance affect the bulb?

A

High resistance
Lesser current flow
Dull bulb

Lower resistance
More current flow
Bright bulb

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17
Q

Do insulators and conductors have electrical resistance? [ tell me about special conductors too ]

A

Yes

Insulator like rubber plastic = vv high resistance = lesser current flow through

Conductor like copper = low resistance = more current flow through

TAKE NOTE: conductors like tungsten and in chrome are special and have vv high resistance

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18
Q

What is a resistor

A

Electrical devices managing flow of current through circuit via controlling resistance in circuit

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19
Q

What are fixed resistors

A

Resistor of known value which cannot be changed

20
Q

What are variable resistors

A

Aka rheostats

They vary the resistance in a circuit

21
Q

Tell me about the arrangement of one resistor in series

A

In series there is only one pathway for electrical current to flow through so one resistor in series will cause more hindrance and lesser current to flow through making bulb dimmer

22
Q

Tell me about the arrangement of two resistor in parallel

A

Parallel circuit have more than one pathway for electrical current to flow through causing lesser hindrance despite 2 resistors letting larger current flow through to shine the bulb brighter

23
Q

What is a series circuit

A

Circuit with only one pathway for electrical current to flow trough

If there is a gap circuit will be incomplete due to one pathway only causing circuit unit to become open

24
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

It is a circuit it’s more than one pathway for current to flow through

Allows circuit to still be complete even if one bulb blows due to more than one pathway for electrical current to flow through

25
Q

What happens when a variable resistor slider is moved to the left

A

Lesser coils for electrical current to flow through

|

Lesser hindrance to occur

|

Larger electrical current flows through

|

Brighter appliance

26
Q

What happens when a variable resistor slider is moved to the right

A

More could for electrical current to flow through

|

More resistance and hindrance

|

Smaller electrical current flows through

|

Duller appliance

27
Q

What is a heating element

A

Something that can heat up rapidly when an electrical current passes through them

28
Q

Is nichrome a heating element?

A

Yes as it has high resistance and can withstand very high temperatures

29
Q

What is tungsten wire

A

Used insight bulbs due to high resistance and melting point of 2500.C

30
Q

What is damaged insulation and its impact

A

Insulating material that has been worn it causing conducting wires to be exposed

Can cause electrical shocks

31
Q

Why are overheated cables bad and what are its 2 causes

A

Bad because it can cause electrical fires

Caused by
1. Overloaded sockets causing unusually large currents to pass through them
2. Us of inappropriately thin wires

32
Q

Why does electricity love water?

A

Water contains impurities that create a conducting path for electrical current to flow through. It also has low resistance

33
Q

What are circuit breakers

A
  1. Switch off electrical supply in a circuit when an unusually large current passes through circuit
  2. Protects appliances form damage/fires
  3. CONNECTED TO LIVE WIRE
34
Q

What are fuses?

A

Shor thin wire which cuts off electrical supply in a circuit when unusually large current threatens to pass but fuse needs to be replaced after it blows

35
Q

What rating should fuses be

A

Fuse rating should always be SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE

36
Q

Why cant fuse rating be equal to appliance rating

A

If appliance rating is 5 and fuse rating is 5 the electrical current being passed through the fuse is the maximum it can hold causing fuse to melt a little bit every time current passes before fully melting after a while and blowing

37
Q

Why cant fuse rating be too high?

A

It may cause really high current to flow through appliance even if appliance cannot handle it as the fuse can causing appliance to be damaged or fires to occur

38
Q

What is a live wire

A

Colour: brown

Connected to high voltage and delivers current to appliance

Fitted to fuse circuit breakers and switches

39
Q

What is a neutral wire

A

Colour: blue

Completes circuit by providing return pathway for current

It is always at zero voltage

40
Q

What are earth wires

A

Colour: blue and green

Connected to metal casing of appliance to prevent user from shocks
Low resistance
Sends unusually large currents to the ground instead of person

41
Q

What is special about a three pin plug

A
  • has a cartridge fuse to protect appliance during electrical fault
  • earth wire protects user from electrical shocks in event of electrical faults which turn appliance live
42
Q

What is special about double insulation

A

It has NO EARTH WIRE

Double layer of insulating materials which protects conducting wires and users from electrical shocks

43
Q

What is the power of an appliance?

A

Amount of electrical energy used for conversion to other forms of energy per unit time

44
Q

SI unit of electricity

A

Watt

1000W = 1KW [ kilowatt ]

45
Q

How is using a more energy efficient appliance good?

A

More energy efficient = reduced electrical consumption

Science Year 2 (5 decks)

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