Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHYSIOL > ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEART > Flashcards

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HEART Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 principal components that make up the cardiovascular system are:

A
  1. Heart (the pump)
  2. Blood vessels (the pipes)
  3. Blood (fluid to be moved)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 Electrical Properties

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Automaticity
  3. Rhythmicity
  4. Conductivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Property of readily responding to a stimulus

A

Excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Property of specialized excitable tissue that allows self-activation through spontaneous development of an action potential

A

Automaticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Recurrence of cardiac contraction at regular and repetitive intervals

A

Rhythmicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ability to transmit electric impulse

A

Conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanical Property

A

Contractility: ability to contract and relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

[TRUE/FALSE]

The structure of the heart completely encircles the blood-filled chambers.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

[TRUE/FALSE]

The blood being pumped through the heart chambers does exchange nutrients and metabolic end products with the myocardial cells.

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Has only a limited ability to replace its muscle cells

A

Cardiac cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recent experiments suggest that only ___% of heart muscles are replaced per year

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

[TRUE/FALSE]

Heart attacks that result in myocyte death are so hard to fix.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Upper chambers of the heart act as a reservoir and a booster pump for venous return

A

Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A weak primer pump for the ventricle

A

Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

A

Left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

A

Right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lower chambers of the heart receives blood from the atria

A

Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Maintains circulation of blood in the lungs and provides energy to propel blood in the pulmonary circulation

A

Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Maintains circulation of the blood to other organs, provides energy to propel blood through the systemic circulation

A

Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Whatever happens in the blood flow in the right ventricle will affect the blood flow in the left ventricle

A

Series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Propels blood through the lungs for exchange of O2 and CO2

A

Pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Blood flow in one area will not affect the blood flow in other area

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Propels blood to the other tissues

A

Systemic Circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit]

Serves many organs

A

Systemic Circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Multiple functions
Systemic Circuit
26
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Regulate more complex
Systemic Circuit
27
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Serves lungs only
Pulmonary Circuit
28
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Single function
Pulmonary Circuit
29
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Little control
Pulmonary Circuit
30
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Larger volume
Systemic Circuit
31
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] High pressure area
Systemic Circuit
32
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] High vascular resistance
Systemic Circuit
33
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Smaller volume
Pulmonary Circuit
34
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Low pressure area
Pulmonary Circuit
35
[Systemic/Pulmonary Circuit] Low vascular resistance
Pulmonary Circuit
36
Structures within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood.
Heart Valves
37
Blood flow should be silent as long as it is smoothly flowing. If it hits anything that obstructs it, it will become turbulent and generate sound that can be heard with a stethoscope.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
38
Most causes of heart murmurs in adults are valve problems.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
39
Flap of a valve that may thicken, stiffen, or fuse together.
Stenotic or incompetent valves
40
[TRUE/FALSE] The heart receives its blood supply via arteries that branch from the aorta behind aortic valve cups.
TRUE
41
The arteries that supply the myocardium
Coronary arteries
42
The blood flowing through the coronary arteries
Coronary blood flow
43
Most of the cardiac veins drain into a single large vein called __________ ______, which empties into the right atrium.
Coronary sinus
44
Changes in one or more of the coronary arteries cause insufficient blood flow to the heart (ischemia)
Coronary Artery Disease
45
Can lead to myocardial infarction or heart attack
Coronary Artery Disease
46
Include prolonged chest pain radiating to the left arm, nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Coronary Artery Disease Symptoms
47
Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis is by:
ECG and cardiac markers
48
Occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle.
Myocardial infarction
49
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
1. Cigarette smoking 2. High cholesterol & amino acids in the blood 3. Hypertension 4. Diabetes 5. Obesity 6. Sedentary lifestyle 7. Stress
50
Benefits of Exercise Against Heart Attack
1. Decreased myocardial O2 demand 2. Increased diameter of coronary arteries 3. Decreased severity of hypertension & diabetes 4. Decreased tendency of blood to clot 5. Better control of blood glucose
51
Treatments and Interventions (astherosclerosis)
Drugs: 1. Nitroglycerin 2. Beta-blockers 3. Anti-coagulants 4. Statin Intervention: 1. Cardiac catheterization 2. Coronary bypass
52
- Rapid depolarization - Due to Na+ influx
Phase 0: Slow Depolarization
53
- Brief period of repolarization - Due to K+ efflux and decrease in Na+ influx
Phase 1: Initial Repolarization
54
- Plateau of AP - Due to increase in Ca2+ and decrease in Na+ influx - Ensure adequate ventricular filling
Phase 2: Plateau
55
- Repolarization - Decrease in Ca2+ influx and increase in K+ efflux
Phase 3: Repolarization
56
- Resting membrane potential (RMP)
Phase 4: Spontaneous Depolarization
57
The pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
58
Has 0.1s delay to allow the atria to contract and to be filled
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
59
[Atrial/Ventricular Excitation] - SA Node gives out impulse (Begins) - AV Node/Atriums contracts (End)
Atrial Excitation
60
[Atrial/Ventricular Excitation] - Atrial relaxes; branches of AV receive impulses - Ventricle contracts = QRS complex
Ventricular Excitation
61
Latent or secondary pacemakers
Ectopic foci
62
Result of atrial depolarization
P-wave
63
Ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
64
Obscured by QRS complex
Atrial repolarization
65
Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle
Cardiac output
66
What is the normal cardiac output?
5.25 L/min.
67
Difference between the End Diastolic Volume (EDV) and End Systolic Volume (ESV)
Stroke Volume
68
Positive chronotropic factors
High heart rate
69
Negative chronotropic factors
Lower heart rate
70
Ventricular repolarization
T-wave
71
Conduction through the AV node and AV bundle
P-R segment
72
A graphical record of the heart's electrical activity
Electrocardiogram
73
- Inactivate fast-sodium channels - Reduce the rate of depolarization (decrease the slope of phase 0)
Sodium-channel blockers (quinidine)
74
- Affect the plateau phase (phase 2) of the action potential
Calcium-channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem)
75
- Delay repolarization (phase 3) by blocking the potassium channels
Potassium-channel blockers
76
Uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contractions caused by a defect in the conduction system
Arrhythmias
77
A rapid and irregular (usually out of phase) contraction where the SA node is no longer controlling heart rate
Fibrillation
78
Can cause clotting and inefficient filling of the ventricles
Atrial fibrillation
79
- When the ventricles pump without filling - Major cause of death during myocardial infarction
Ventricular fibrillation
80
Damage to the AV node results in:
Heart Block

PHYSIOL (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions