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GNUS561/Chemistry and Physics of Anesthesia > Electrical Circuits, Solutions/acids, Bases and Buffers > Flashcards

Electrical Circuits, Solutions/acids, Bases and Buffers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electricity?

A

the effects produced by moving charges.

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2
Q

What are the two kinds of charge for electricity?

A

Positive and negative

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3
Q

T/F: the SI unit of charge is the coulomb (C).

A

True

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4
Q

What is Coulumb’s Law?

A

Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.

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5
Q

A charge is what type of energy?

A

Kinetic energy

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6
Q

Amount of charge flowing per unit time is ______ current.

A

electrical

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7
Q

One amp of current corresponds to ____ coulomb of charge per second.

A

one

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8
Q

Materials in which charges can easily move are called?

A

Conductor

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9
Q

Materials in which a charge cannot easily move are called?

A

Insulators

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10
Q

What is inductance?

A

magnetic field induced around the wire when electron flow is in the wire.

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11
Q

What is electrical resistance measure in?

A

Ohms

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12
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

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13
Q

Macroshock is defined as anything ______ mA.

A

> 1

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14
Q

Microshock is defined as anything ______ mA

A

<1

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15
Q

Cardery uses high frequency hertz of ___ to ____ hertz.

A

0.1 to 3000000

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16
Q

Power lines use ___ to ___ Hertz.

A

50 to 60

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17
Q

Resting membrane potential is about __ mV.

A

90

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18
Q

During depolorization ______ ion move in and _____ions move out.

A

Sodium, potassium

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19
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?

A

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition.

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20
Q

What is it called when a system is in a state of equilibrium when there is a balance between reactants and products

A

Equilibrium constant

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21
Q

The balance in equilibrium constant is defined as what?

A

Thermodynamics

22
Q

What is the meaning of K?

A
  • as K increases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor products
  • as K decreases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor starting materials (the reverse reaction becomes more favorable)
23
Q

The subscript of K eq denotes?

A

generic equilibrium constant

24
Q

The subscript of K a denotes?

A

weak acid

25
Q

The subscript of K b denotes?

A

weak base

26
Q

The subscript of K sp denotes?

A

solubility

27
Q

Heat is an exothermic reaction is a ______.

A

product

28
Q

Heat in an endothermic reaction is a _______.

A

reactant

29
Q

In Bronstead acids and bases an acid is a proton _____.

A

donor

30
Q

In Bronstead acids and bases a base is a proton ______.

A

acceptor

31
Q

T/F: When an acid donates a proton, it is converted into it conjugate BASE.

A

True

32
Q

T/F: When a base accepts a proton, it is converted into its conjugate BASE.

A

False: conjugate ACID.

33
Q

What is a diprotic acid?

A

acid that has more than one hydrogen ion to donate.

34
Q

Which is more determined to donate a hydrogen ion a strong acid or a weak acid?

A

Strong acid

35
Q

What is the henderson-hasselbach equation refering too?

A

A buffer system.

36
Q

Molality (m) refers too?

A

m=moles solute/kg solvent

37
Q

Molarity (M) refers too?

A

M = moles solute/ L solution

38
Q

T/F: Molality is never equal to molarity.

A

True

39
Q

Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of _______.

A

solvent

40
Q

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute, as defined by its ______.

A

solubility

41
Q

A solution contains more solute than allowed by the solubility is ________.

A

supersaturated

42
Q

tow liquids are soluble in each other in all proportions.

A

Miscible

43
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

the amount of a non-reacting gas which dissolves in a liquid is DIRECTLY proportional to the partial pressure of the gas, provided the temperature remains constant.

44
Q

How will temperature effect Henry’s Law?

A

Amount of gas dissolved is INVERSELY proportional to the temperature. (the colder the liquid, the more gas that will dissolve in the liquid

45
Q

The quantity of solvent needed to dissolve a quantity of gas at a given temperature and pressure. (The higher the coefficient the more readily the gas dissolves in the liquid).

A

Ostwald’s Solubility Coefficient.

46
Q

Volume of gas @ STP which dissolves in 1 unit volume of liquid. The milliliters of gas dissolved per milliliter of liquid that is maintained at atmospheric pressure and at a given temperature.

A

Bunsen Solubility Coefficient

47
Q

What is Dalton’s equation?

A

P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ……

48
Q

The rate of diffusion of gases through a membrane is INVERSELY proportional to the square root of the molecular weight. (What law is this?)

A

Graham

49
Q

The rate of diffusion of a substance across unit area (such as a surface or membrane) is PROPORTIONAL to the concentration gradient. (What law is this?)

A

Fick

50
Q

What is the Meyer Overton Law?

A

Agents with increase oil solubility have greater potency.

51
Q

Diffusion Hypoxia refers to what law?

A

Fick’s Law

52
Q

Air Embolism refers to what law?

A

Henry’s Law

GNUS561/Chemistry and Physics of Anesthesia (6 decks)

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