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GNUS561/Chemistry and Physics of Anesthesia > Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

the study of matter and it’s changes

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2
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive charged ion

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3
Q

What is a anion?

A

A negative charged ion

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4
Q

What are groups of atoms chemically bonded together into a discrete unit by covalent bonds?

A

molecule (molecules have a neutral charge)

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5
Q

Contains both positive and negatively charged ions with no identifiable units. Attracted by charged and are not molecules.

A

Ionic compounds

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6
Q

Can a substance be both a molecule and an element?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Intensive mean what in chemistry?

A

integral to the material, regardless of amount

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8
Q

Extensive means what in chemistry?

A

depends on the sample size

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9
Q

Chemical property means what in chemistry?

A

Describe the type of chemical changes the material tends to undergo

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10
Q

What is a substance?

A

Pure materials that can’t be physically separated into simpler components

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11
Q

What is a mixture?

A

two or more pure substances

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12
Q

What is a mixture called when the physical and chemical properties throughout the whole sample are uniform?

A

Homogenous

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13
Q

What is a mixture called when there are distinct phase boundaries where chemical and physical properties change.

A

Heterogenous

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14
Q

The atomic number represents what?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus (Z)

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15
Q

The mass number represents what?

A

Number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (A)

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16
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Same atomic number, different mass number

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17
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory is?

A
  1. elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms of a given element are identical and unique to that element.
  2. Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a fixed ratio.
  3. Chemical reactions do not create, destroy or change atoms into atoms of other elements. Chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances.
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18
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Components are neither created, nor destroyed. They just recombine.

19
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

Different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

20
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

A

Some elements can combine to give more than one compound.

21
Q

Vertical groups/families have similar _______ and _________ properties.

A

chemical, physical

22
Q

Rows or periods on the periodic table mean?

A
  • Adding electrons to energy levels, electron shells

- The element at the end of the row has the outer shell full of electrons.

23
Q

T/F: Weight on the periodic table is an average of all isotopes?

A

True

24
Q

Metals are found on the left side of the Periodic table have what characteristics?

A
  • shiny luster
  • ductile
  • Malleable
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • react to form cations by giving away electrons
25
Q

Non- metals found on the right side of the periodic table have what characteristics?

A
  • Liquids, solids, or gases
  • Solids tend to be bittle
  • do not conduct
  • Tend to form anions
26
Q

Metalloids are found in the ladder of the periodic table and have what charecteristic?

A
  • intermediates
  • shiny luster
  • less malleable and ductile than metals
  • conduct electicity but not well (semiconductors)
27
Q

What two element are liquids?

A
  • bromine

- mercury

28
Q

What element will melt in your hand?

A

Gallium

29
Q

What elements are gases?

A
  • hydrogen
  • notrogen
  • oxygen
  • fluorine
  • chlorine
  • and noble gases
30
Q

What is important to remember about aluminum?

A
  • found in antiperspirants
  • antacids
  • does not occur naturally in nature
  • Avoid in dialysis patient
31
Q

What is barium used for?

A

GI studies (xray)

32
Q

What is calcium used for?

A
  • Muscle contractions
  • bone stability
  • antacids
  • phosphate binders
33
Q

What is chlorine good for?

A

Disinfectant

34
Q

What is helium used for?

A

Coolant for MRI machines

35
Q

What is iodine used for?

A

Topical antiseptics

antithyroid

36
Q

What is lithium used for?

A

Mood stabilizer for bipolar patients

37
Q

What is magnesium used for?

A

Cardiac conduction
potassium levels
laxative

38
Q

What is phosphorus used for?

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

Low level could cause brittle bones and respiratory failure

39
Q

What is potassium used for in the body?

A

Muscle contraction

inverse relationship with insulin

40
Q

T/F: Ionic charges >+3 are not oserved and impossible to maintain.

A

True

41
Q

What is it called when two or more nonmetal atoms that are bonded together in a way that results in a net electrical charge?

A

polyatomic ions

42
Q

Hygroscopic compounds have a strong tendency to absorb _______?

A

Water

43
Q

Removing water from hydrates forms a ______.

A

anhydrous salt

GNUS561/Chemistry and Physics of Anesthesia (6 decks)

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