Basic Chemistry Flashcards
What is chemistry?
the study of matter and it’s changes
What is a cation?
A positive charged ion
What is a anion?
A negative charged ion
What are groups of atoms chemically bonded together into a discrete unit by covalent bonds?
molecule (molecules have a neutral charge)
Contains both positive and negatively charged ions with no identifiable units. Attracted by charged and are not molecules.
Ionic compounds
Can a substance be both a molecule and an element?
Yes
Intensive mean what in chemistry?
integral to the material, regardless of amount
Extensive means what in chemistry?
depends on the sample size
Chemical property means what in chemistry?
Describe the type of chemical changes the material tends to undergo
What is a substance?
Pure materials that can’t be physically separated into simpler components
What is a mixture?
two or more pure substances
What is a mixture called when the physical and chemical properties throughout the whole sample are uniform?
Homogenous
What is a mixture called when there are distinct phase boundaries where chemical and physical properties change.
Heterogenous
The atomic number represents what?
Number of protons in the nucleus (Z)
The mass number represents what?
Number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (A)
What is an isotope?
Same atomic number, different mass number
Dalton’s Atomic Theory is?
- elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms of a given element are identical and unique to that element.
- Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a fixed ratio.
- Chemical reactions do not create, destroy or change atoms into atoms of other elements. Chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Components are neither created, nor destroyed. They just recombine.
What is the law of definite proportions?
Different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
What is the law of multiple proportions?
Some elements can combine to give more than one compound.
Vertical groups/families have similar _______ and _________ properties.
chemical, physical
Rows or periods on the periodic table mean?
- Adding electrons to energy levels, electron shells
- The element at the end of the row has the outer shell full of electrons.
T/F: Weight on the periodic table is an average of all isotopes?
True
Metals are found on the left side of the Periodic table have what characteristics?
- shiny luster
- ductile
- Malleable
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- react to form cations by giving away electrons
Non- metals found on the right side of the periodic table have what characteristics?
- Liquids, solids, or gases
- Solids tend to be bittle
- do not conduct
- Tend to form anions
Metalloids are found in the ladder of the periodic table and have what charecteristic?
- intermediates
- shiny luster
- less malleable and ductile than metals
- conduct electicity but not well (semiconductors)
What two element are liquids?
- bromine
- mercury
What element will melt in your hand?
Gallium
What elements are gases?
- hydrogen
- notrogen
- oxygen
- fluorine
- chlorine
- and noble gases
What is important to remember about aluminum?
- found in antiperspirants
- antacids
- does not occur naturally in nature
- Avoid in dialysis patient
What is barium used for?
GI studies (xray)
What is calcium used for?
- Muscle contractions
- bone stability
- antacids
- phosphate binders
What is chlorine good for?
Disinfectant
What is helium used for?
Coolant for MRI machines
What is iodine used for?
Topical antiseptics
antithyroid
What is lithium used for?
Mood stabilizer for bipolar patients
What is magnesium used for?
Cardiac conduction
potassium levels
laxative
What is phosphorus used for?
DNA, RNA, ATP
Low level could cause brittle bones and respiratory failure
What is potassium used for in the body?
Muscle contraction
inverse relationship with insulin
T/F: Ionic charges >+3 are not oserved and impossible to maintain.
True
What is it called when two or more nonmetal atoms that are bonded together in a way that results in a net electrical charge?
polyatomic ions
Hygroscopic compounds have a strong tendency to absorb _______?
Water
Removing water from hydrates forms a ______.
anhydrous salt
