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AS POLITICS > Electoral systems > Flashcards

Electoral systems Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of electoral system

A

proportional
plurality
majoritarian

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2
Q

example of a majoritarian electoral system

A

supplementary vote (SV)

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3
Q

example of a plurality electoral system

A

FPTP

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4
Q

example of a proportional electoral system

A

additional member system
single transferable vote

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5
Q

example of when SV is used

A

mayoral election
police and crime commisoner

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6
Q

example of when AMS is used

A

welsh, scottish, NI and london assembly

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7
Q

example of when FPTP is used

A

general and regional elections
westminster elections ^^^

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8
Q

what is FPTP

A

plurality system
candidate w simply most votes wins

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9
Q

features of FPTP

A

voting is simple
1 person 1 vote
small single member constituencies
concentrated support

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10
Q

advantages of FPTP

A

simple
traditional
suitable for 2 party systems (UK)
MP is bonded to constituency
produces a clear winner

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11
Q

disadvantages of FPTP

A

safe seats
restricts representation
personality VS policy
excludes minority parties

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12
Q

what is the purpose of elections

A

limiting power of elected representatives
holding MPS to account
representation
legitimising political power

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13
Q

how many votes does a voter get in AMS

A

2

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14
Q

what is the first vote in AMS

A

constituency vote for a specific candidate (personality)

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15
Q

what is the second vote in AMS

A

regional vote for party (ideology)

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16
Q

what system is the first vote in AMS

A

FPTP

17
Q

what type of electoral system is AMS

A

hybrid
combines FPTP w/ proportional

18
Q

closed party list

A

when voters vote for a list of candidate provided by a party

they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected.

19
Q

how many MPs represent each person in Scotland

A

8 MPs
- 1 constituency MP and 7 regional

20
Q

how many seats available in scotland

A

129

21
Q

advantages of AMS

A

benefits minority parties
suited for multiparty system
broadly proportional to votes

a majority can be achieved if there is sufficient support

22
Q

when did Scotland recieve a majority parliament

A

2011

23
Q

disadvantages of AMS

A

complex for general public
can lead to unstable/weak GOVT
difficult to hold GOVt to account

24
Q

what is STV

A

proportional system

voters rank candidates in preference

25
Q

ordinal voting

A

voter ranks candidates in order of preference and can rank as many as they desire

26
Q

features of STV

A

voters can vote for individual candidates w/o worrying about wasted votes

puts power in hands of public

27
Q

effects of using STV

A

votes are more valuable
less incentive to tactically vote

fewer safe seats due to multiparty nature of system

closer correlation between % of votes and % of seats

28
Q

advantages of STV

A

wider representation
parties must work together
voters are more valuable

29
Q

disadvantages of STV

A

coalitions are more likely
- unstable weak GOVT

30
Q

what is the droop quota

A

( total number of valid votes / number of seats available in region +1 ) + 1

31
Q

how must a candidate win when using STV

A

DROOP QUOTA MUST BE MET

32
Q

how does SV work

A

voters can express two preferences
( but cannot be the same candidate )

winner must get outright majority

33
Q

advantages of SV

A

simple
both of voters choices are relevant

34
Q

disadvantages of SV

A

voters don’t understand system (wasted votes by voting for the same candidate twice)

not suitable for minority parties

winner may not enjoy first choice support

35
Q

why are different electoral systems now used in the UK?

A

1997 New Labour wanted new systems (manifesto promise)
wanted to avoid another long conservative GOVT

36
Q

what political system was used before 1997

A

only FPTP before 1997

AS POLITICS (20 decks)

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