Elections Flashcards

1
Q

what do elections not effectively ensure

A

accountability

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2
Q

what is poor in elections?

A

turnout

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3
Q

what was the turnout in the 2014 midterms?

A

it was lower than 40%

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4
Q

why is turnout often unrepresentative?

A

it often white, male and wealthy. This means that once again there is an imbalance in the way of election outcomes

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5
Q

what substantial obstacles to voting are there

A

having to register to vote and voter ID laws - Shelby County v Holder 2013

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6
Q

how often are house elections

A

every 2 years

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7
Q

how often are senate elections

A

every 6 years

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8
Q

how often are presidential elections

A

every 4 years

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9
Q

what was turnout in 2020 and 2018

A

2020 - 68% of eligible voters

2018 - 49% of eligible voters

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10
Q

what measures have helped to enhance turnout

A

early voting and postal voting

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11
Q

how many postal votes in 2020

A

65.6 million

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12
Q

what is American turnout comparatively lower than

A

countries like Germany and England, who are consistently in the 60 and 70% range

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13
Q

what has the frequency of elections led to

A

politicians trying to meet the needs of wealthy donors

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14
Q

what leads to safe seats and a guaranteed victory

A

gerrymandering

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15
Q

what is not unheard of

A

for reps to serve their whole life

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16
Q

who was the longest-serving house rep

A

John Dingell, 59 years and 21 days

17
Q

what is incumbency re-election at

A

98%

18
Q

who was returned to congress unopposed

A

John Lewis

19
Q

who carries out redistricting in California

A

a neutral body

20
Q

who beat an incumbent in 2018

A

Alexandria Ocasio Cortez

21
Q

how many people lost their senate seat in 2018

A

6

22
Q

who lost his senate seat in 2018

A

Bill Nelson

23
Q

why is gerrymandering reform unlikely

A

because both parties use it

24
Q

what is the imbalance in the electoral college

A

some votes are more important than others e.g. Wyoming is overrepresented compared to California

25
Q

what is the biggest issue with the electoral college

A

the winner of the popular vote can lose

26
Q

what happened to Clinton in 2016

A

she won 2 million more votes than Trump but lose the presidency

27
Q

What do super PACs allow

A

for candidates to buy victory

28
Q

how many times has the winner of the popular vote lost in the 21st century

A

twice

29
Q

why is the long campaign excellent

A

the many stages mean that the public has a multitude of opportunities in which they can hold the candidates to account

30
Q

what is an example of the biggest spender not always winning

A

Clinton outspent trump