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Anatomia > Elbow Forearm and Wrist > Flashcards

Elbow Forearm and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

The forearm contains two bones:

A

Radius and Ulna

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2
Q

Connects radius and ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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4
Q

The elbow is composed by 3 separate joints:

A

Humero-ulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Proximal Radio-ulnar joint

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5
Q

Humero-ulnar joint

A

Between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
Also, the coronoid process of the ulna is in contact with the coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion of the elbow.

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6
Q

Humeroradial Joint

A

Between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius is in contact with the radial fossa of the humerus
Function:
Flexion and extension of the forearm
Supination and pronation

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7
Q

Proximal Radio-ulnar joint

A

Between the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius
Pivot joint
The head of the radius is attached to the ulna through the anular ligament
Function:
Pronation and Supination

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8
Q

Ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral ligament
Anular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament

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9
Q

Anular ligament of radius

A

Provides support to the radial ulnar joint

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10
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Provides support to the Humeroradial joint

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11
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Contains an anterior band, posterior band, and oblique band
Provides support humeroulnar joint

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12
Q

Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint

A

The head of the ulna is accommodated by the ulnar notch of the radius
Fibrocartilaginous, triangular articular disc of the distal radio-ulnar joint (triangular ligament) binds the ends of the ulna and radius together and is the main uniting structure of the joint

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13
Q

Supinator

A

Forearm muscle, brings support to elbow joint.
Innervated by ulnar nerve
Function: Supination of forearm

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14
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Primary pronator muscle of the forearm (proximal to elbow joint)
Innervated by median nerve (C6,C7)
Function
Pronation of forearm

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15
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Secondary pronator muscle of the forearm (proximal to elbow joint)
Innervated by ulnar nerve
Function
Pronation of forearm

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16
Q

Clinical correlations
subcutaneous olecranon bursitis

A

AKA “miners elbow” “students elbow”
Subcutaneous olecranon bursa is exposed to injury during falls on the elbow

Repeated excessive pressure and friction may cause this bursa to become inflamed

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17
Q

Clinical correlations
subtendinous olecranon bursitis

A

Less common
Results from excessive friction between the triceps tendon and olecranon, for example, resulting from repeated flexion-extension of the forearm.

Pain is most severe during flexion of the forearm because of pressure exerted on the inflamed subtendinous olecranon bursa by triceps tendon

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18
Q

Clinical correlations
Avulsion of medial epicondyle

A

In children can result from a fall that causes severe abduction of the extended elbow. An abnormal movement of this articulation. The resulting traction on the ulnar collateral ligament pulls the medial epicondyle before entering the forearm.

The anatomical basis of this avulsion is that the medial epicondyle may not fuse with the distal end of the humerus until age 20

19
Q

Clinical correlations
Subluxation and dislocation of radial head

A

The child is suddenly lifted by the upper limb while the forearm is pronated. Sudden pulling of the upper limb tears the distal attachment of the angular ligament, which it is loosely attached to the neck of the radius.

Radial head then moves distally, partially out of the socket formed by the anular ligament

20
Q

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

A

Painful musculoskeletal condition that may follow repetitive use of superficial extensor muscles of the forearm.
Pain is felt over the lateral epicondyle and radiates down the posterior surface of the forearm.

21
Q

Muscles of the forearm
Anterior compartment (Flexor and pronator compartment)
Superficial layer

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

22
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Has two heads
Ulnar head and Radial head
Innervation: Median nerve (C6,C7)
Function: Pronates and flexes forearm

23
Q

Flexor Carpi radialis

A

Innervated by Median nerve (C6,C7)
Flexes and abducts hand

24
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Innervated by: Median Nerve (C7,C8)
Flexes hand and tenses palmar aponeurosis

25
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Has two heads
Ulnar head and Radial head
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C7,C8)
Flexes and adducts the hand

26
Q

Muscles of the forearm
Anterior compartment (Flexor and pronator compartment)
Intermediate layer

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

27
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Has two heads
Humero-ulnar head and Radial head
Innervation: Median nerve (C7,C8,T1)
Function: Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits: acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints.

28
Q

Muscles of the forearm
Anterior compartment (Flexor and pronator compartment)
Deep layer

A

Flexor Digitorum profundus
Flexor Pollicis longus
Pronator Quadratus

29
Q

Flexor Digitorum profundus

A

Contains Medial and Lateral Part

Medial Part is innervated by Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Main action: Flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints

Lateral Part is innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8,T1)
Main action: Flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints

30
Q

Flexor Pollicis longus

A

Innervated by anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8,T1)
Main action: Flexes phalanges of 1st digit

31
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Innervated by anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8,T1)

Pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

32
Q

Muscles of the forearm
Posterior compartment (Extensor and supinator compartment)
Superficial layer

A

Brachioradialis
Muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digitorium
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

33
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Innervation Radial nerve (C5,C6,C7)
Function: Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid-pronated position

34
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Innervation: Radial Nerve (C6, C7)
Function: Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint ; ECRL active during fist clenching

35
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Innervation Deep Branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
Function: Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint ; ECRL active during fist clenching

36
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Innervation: Deep Branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
Function: Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints

37
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Innervation: Deep Branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
Function: Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints

38
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Innervation: Deep Branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
Function:Extend and adduct hand at the wrist joint ; ECRL active during fist clenching

39
Q

Muscles of the forearm
Posterior compartment (Extensor and supinator compartment)
Deep layer

A

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

40
Q

Supinator

A

Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
Function: Supinates forearm: rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

41
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Function: Abducts thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint

42
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8), a continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Function: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint

43
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Function: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint

44
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
Function: Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension) helps extend hand at wrist

Anatomia (10 decks)

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