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BODY WALLS Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Wall composed of…

A

Skin, Fascia, Nerves, Vessels, Muscles, Cartilages and Bone

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2
Q

Functions of Thoracic Wall

A

Resist the negative internal pressures generated by the elastic recoil of the lungs and inspiratory movements.
Provides attachment for and support the weight of the upper limbs.
Provides attachment for many of the muscles of the upper limbs, neck, abdomen, and back and the muscles of respiration.

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3
Q

Structures of thoracic wall

A

Ribs, Costal Cartilage, Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae, Intervertebral Disc and Apertures

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4
Q

Ribs Clasification

A

True, False and Free

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5
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7

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6
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10

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7
Q

Free Ribs

A

11-12

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8
Q

Sternum division

A

Manubrium, Body and Xyphoid process

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9
Q

Structures of thoracic wall

A
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10
Q

Costal Vertebral Joint

A

Body of vertebra superior to rib, Invertebrate Disc, Head of Rib (Crest) and Body of vertebra of same number as rib

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11
Q

Costo-transverse joint

A

Tubercle of rib and Transverse process of vertebra of same number of rib

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12
Q

Thoracic Wall Movements: Inspiration

A

Increase the intrathoracic diameters and volume of the thorax

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13
Q

Thoracic Wall Movements: Passive Expiration

A

Decreasing intrathoracic volume and increasing intrathoracic pressure, expelling air from the lungs through the same passages.
The diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and other muscles relax.

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14
Q

Accessory muscles for respiration

A

Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Inferior part of the Serratus Anterior

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15
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Movement of shoulder joints, flexion, adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Depresses the point of the shoulder

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17
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Pulls the Scapula forward around the thorax

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18
Q

Muscles of the thoracic wall

A

External intercostal, Internal intercostal, Innermost Intercostal, Subcostal, Transversus Thoracis, Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus posterior inferior, Levatores Costarum

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19
Q

External intercostal

A

Membrane located anterior medial (body of sternum)

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20
Q

Internal Intercostal

A

Membrane located Posterior medial (vertebral column)

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21
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Body of sternum and costal cartilage

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22
Q

Subcostal

A

Connects between 7-9 rib, rib 8 left out

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23
Q

Breast composed of:

A

glandular and supporting fibrous tissue embedded within a fatty matrix, together with blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

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24
Q

Mammary glands

A

Subcutaneous tissue overlying the pectoral’s major and minor muscles

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25
Nipple
The greatest prominence of the breast, surrounded by a circular pigmented area of skin, the areola. Innervation by T4.
26
Bed of the breast
Extends from the 2nd Rib and 6th or 7th Rib
27
Axillary Process (Tail of spence)
The bed of the breast extending along the inferolateral edge of the pectorals major toward the axillary fossa (armpit)
28
Axillary Nodes
Subscapular, Humeral, Pectoral, Central and Apical
29
Parts of the Breast
Suspensory ligaments (Cooper), Fat Lobule, Areola, Nipple, Lactiferous Duct, Lactiferous Sinus and Lobules of Mammary Gland
30
Breast Irrigation
Lateral thoracic artery, lateral mammary branches, internal thoracic artery, medial mammary branches
31
Breast Drainage
Lateral thoracic vein, lateral mammary vein, Internal thoracic vein, medial mammary vein
32
Breast Cancer
Usually adenocarcinomas arising from the epithelial cells of the lactiferous ducts in the mammary gland lobules
33
Breast Cancer Superficial Signs
Nipple retraction and deviation, edema of skin, retracted signs and abnormal contours.
34
Abdominal Region: Extends from...
Thoracic Cage to the Pelvis
35
Abdominal Region: Bounded superiorly by...
Xyphoid process and Costal Margins
36
Abdominal Region: Bounded posteriorly by...
Vertebral Column
37
Abdominal Region: Bounded inferiorly by...
Upper parts of the pelvic bones
38
Four Quadrant Abdominal Division:
Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant
39
Abdominal Division: Right Upper Quadrant
Liver: right lobe Gallbladder Stomach: pylorus Duodenum: parts 1-3 Pancreas: head Right suprarenal gland Right kidney Right colic (hepatic) flexure Ascending colon: superior part Transverse colon: right half
40
Abdominal Division: Right Lower Quadrant
Cecum Vermiform appendix Most of ileum Ascending colon: inferior part Right ovary Right uterine tube Right ureter: abdominal part Right spermatic cord: abdominal part Uterus (if enlarged) Urinary bladder (if very full)
41
Abdominal Division: Left upper quadrant
Liver: left lobe Spleen Stomach Jejunum and proximal ileum Pancreas: body and tail Left kidney Left suprarenal gland Left colic (splenic) flexure Transverse colon: left half Descending colon: superior part
42
Abdominal Division: Left lower quadrant
Sigmoid colon Descending colon: inferior part Left ovary Left uterine tube Left ureter: abdominal part Left spermatic cord: abdominal part Uterus (if enlarged) Urinary bladder (if very full)
43
Anterolateral Abdominal Wall extends from...
Thoracic cage to the pelvis.
44
Anterolateral Abdominal Wall consists of...
Skin, Superficial Fascia (Campers Fascia and Scarpa Fascia), Muscles and their Aponeurosis, Deep Fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, Parietal Peritoneum
45
Campers fascia
Superficial Fatty Layer of subcutaneous tissue
46
Scarpa fascia
Deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue
47
Anterolateral Muscles
Three Flat Muscles (External oblique Internal oblique and Transversus abdominis) and Two Vertical Muscles (Rectos Abdominis and Pyramidalis)
48
Rectus Sheath is formed by...
Interlaced aponeuroses of the flat abdominal muscles
49
Rectus Sheath contains:
Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis muscles, anastomosing superior and inferior epigastric arteries ans veins, lymphatic vessels, thoracic-abdominal and subcostal nerves
50
Rectus Sheath: Superior to the arcuate line
The rectus abdominis is enveloped by the anterior layer of the rectus sheath
51
Rectus Sheath: Inferior to the arcuate line
The aponeurosis of all three muscles, external and internal oblique and transverses abdominis , pass anterior to form que anterior rectus sheath to form the anterior rectus sheath, leaving only the transversalis fascia to cover the rectus abdominis posteriorly
52
Arcuate line
Inferior to umbilicus
53
Posterior wall of upper rectus sheath consisting of:
Posterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis and Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
54
Anterior wall of upper rectus sheath consisting of:
External Oblique aponeurosis and anterior lamina of internal oblique aponeurosis
55
Anterior wall of lower rectus sheath consisting of:
Consisting of all three aponeurotic layers
56
Posterior wall of lower rectus sheath consisting of:
Transversalis Fascia
57
Neurovascular Abdominal Wall Structures: Arteries
Superior epigastric artery and Inferior epigastric artery
58
Superior epigastric artery
Branch of internal thoracic artery
59
Inferior epigastric artery
Branch of external iliac artery
60
Neurovascular Abdominal Wall Structures: Nerves
Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11), Lateral cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve (T12), Anterior cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve (T12), Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) and Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1)
61
Inguinal Region extends between...
The anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
62
Inguinal Region...
Where structures exit and enter the abdominal cavity
63
Inguinal Canal
Lies parallel and just superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
64
Inguinal Canal Boundaries:
Anterior Wall and Posterior Wall
65
Inguinal Canal Boundaries: Anterior Wall
Formed by external oblique aponeurosis
66
Inguinal Canal Boundaries: Posterior Wall
Formed by transversalis fascia. Reinforced by the inguinal fax.
67
Inguinal Fax
Internal oblique and Transversus abdominis form a tendon
68
Main structures in the inguinal canal: Female
Round ligament of the uterus. Ilio-inguinal nerve.
69
Main structures in the inguinal canal: Male
Spermatic Cord conveying the ductus deferens. Ilio-inguinal nerve
70
Inguinal Canal: Two Openings
Deep Inguinal Ring and Superficial Inguinal Ring
71
Deep Inguinal Ring
The internal entrance to the inguinal canal, is an evagination of the transversalis fascia.
72
Superficial Inguinal Ring
The exit from the inguinal canal, is a slit-like opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
73
Inguinal Hernia
Protrusion of the peritoneum and viscera, such as the small intestine, through a normal and abnormal opening from the abdominal cavity.
74
Inguinal Hernia: Direct inguinal Hernia
Usually found medial to the inferior epigastric arteries
75
Inguinal Hernia: Indirect inguinal Hernia
Usually four lateral to the inferior epigastric arteries
76
Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall
Psoas Major, Quadratus lumborum and Iliacus
77
Psoas Major
Innervation: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L2-L4) Actions: Acting inferiority with iliac flexes thigh. Acting superiorly flexes the vertebral column laterally to balance the trunk. When sitting acts inferiorly with iliacus to flex the trunk.
78
Quadratus lumborum
Innervation: Anterior rami T12, L1-L4 Fixes or depresses the 12th rib during respiration. Laterally flexes vertebral column.
79
Iliacus
Innervation by (L2-L4) femoral nerve. Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint.

Anatomia (10 decks)

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