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Sem 2 - MSK > Elbow and Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the distal humerus?

A
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2
Q

What are the parts of the proximal radius?

A
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3
Q

What are the parts of the proximal ulna?

A
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4
Q

What bony features are relevant to the elbow joint?

A
  • Humerus
    • Trochlea
    • Capitulum
    • Olecranon fossa
    • Coronoid fossa
    • Radial fossa
  • Ulna
    • Coronoid process
    • Trochlear notch
    • Olecranon process
  • Radius
    • Head
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5
Q

What ligaments are relevent to the elbow joint?

A
  • Annular - ring shaped ligament. Allows pronation.
  • Ulnar collateral ligament
  • Radial collateral ligament.

Ligaments strengthen the capsule medially and laterally

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6
Q

Describe the structure of ulnar collateral ligament

A
  • Three bands
  • Anterior is the strongest
  • Posterior
  • Oblique - deepens the socket of the trochlea
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7
Q

Describe the structure of the radial collateral ligament.

A
  • Fan like
  • Blends wiht annular ligament.
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8
Q

What is the structure of the annular ligament?

A

Ligamentous collar

Attatched to ulna anterior and posterior to its radial notch

Supports the head of the radius

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9
Q

What movements are possible at the eblow joint?

A

The elbow is a hinge joint

Flexion and extension

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10
Q

What muscles produce flexion at the elbow?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis

3 B’s = Flexion

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11
Q

What muscles produce extension at the elbow joint?

A
  • Tricepos brachii
  • Anconeus (weak extensor)
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12
Q

What movements are possible in the forearm? Using what muscles?

A

Pronation and supination

Pronation:

  • Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
  • Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Supination:

  • Proximal and distal radioulnar joint
  • Supinator (when no resistance) Biceps brachii (when there is resistance)
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13
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Both the proximal and distal radioulnar joints are pivot joints

Interosseous membrane - fibrous joint

Trianglular fibrocartilage complex binds distal radius and ulna together

Separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist.

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14
Q

Bursea at the elbow

A

Fluid filled sacs that help movement

Most give rise to no problems except…

  • Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
  • Sentendinous olecranon bursa

Olecranon bursitis = students elbow from resting on elbow

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15
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Medial border: Lateral border of pronator teres

Superior border: Imaginary line between the epicondyles

Lateral border: Medial border of the brachioradialis

Roof: Skin and Median cubital vein.

  • This is the vein of choice for venepuncture.
    • It does not slip
    • Brachial artery and median nerve protected by biciptal aponeurosis.
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16
Q

What does the cubital fossa contain?

A
  • Radial nerve
  • Tendon of biceps brachii
  • Brachial artery
  • Median nerve

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17
Q

What muscles are in the superficial compartment of anterior forearm?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Pronator teres

They are all innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT the flexor carpi ulnaris which is innervated by the ulnar nerve.

18
Q

What muscles flex the wrist?

A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
19
Q

What muscle adducts the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

20
Q

What muscle abducts the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

21
Q

What muscle pronates the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

22
Q

What muscle is in the intermediate compartment of anterior forearm?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
    • Flexion at the wrsit
    • Flexion of the digits
      • Metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers.
    • Supplied by the median nerve
23
Q

What muscles are in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus
    • Flexes the interpharangeal joint and metacarpohalangeal joints of the thumb.
    • Median nerve
  • Pronator quadratus
    • Pronation of the forearm
    • Median nerve
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
    • Flexes wrist, metacarpophaphlangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joitnd at the 4 fingers.
    • Medial part innervated by ulnar nerve
    • Lateral part innervated by medial nerve
24
Q

What neurovascular structures are present in the anterior forearm?

A

Sem 2 - MSK (22 decks)

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