Elbow and Forearm Flashcards
What are the parts of the distal humerus?
What are the parts of the proximal radius?
What are the parts of the proximal ulna?
What bony features are relevant to the elbow joint?
- Humerus
- Trochlea
- Capitulum
- Olecranon fossa
- Coronoid fossa
- Radial fossa
- Ulna
- Coronoid process
- Trochlear notch
- Olecranon process
- Radius
- Head
What ligaments are relevent to the elbow joint?
- Annular - ring shaped ligament. Allows pronation.
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Radial collateral ligament.
Ligaments strengthen the capsule medially and laterally
Describe the structure of ulnar collateral ligament
- Three bands
- Anterior is the strongest
- Posterior
- Oblique - deepens the socket of the trochlea
Describe the structure of the radial collateral ligament.
- Fan like
- Blends wiht annular ligament.
What is the structure of the annular ligament?
Ligamentous collar
Attatched to ulna anterior and posterior to its radial notch
Supports the head of the radius
What movements are possible at the eblow joint?
The elbow is a hinge joint
Flexion and extension
What muscles produce flexion at the elbow?
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
3 B’s = Flexion
What muscles produce extension at the elbow joint?
- Tricepos brachii
- Anconeus (weak extensor)
What movements are possible in the forearm? Using what muscles?
Pronation and supination
Pronation:
- Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
- Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Supination:
- Proximal and distal radioulnar joint
- Supinator (when no resistance) Biceps brachii (when there is resistance)
Radioulnar joints
Both the proximal and distal radioulnar joints are pivot joints
Interosseous membrane - fibrous joint
Trianglular fibrocartilage complex binds distal radius and ulna together
Separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist.
Bursea at the elbow
Fluid filled sacs that help movement
Most give rise to no problems except…
- Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
- Sentendinous olecranon bursa
Olecranon bursitis = students elbow from resting on elbow
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
Medial border: Lateral border of pronator teres
Superior border: Imaginary line between the epicondyles
Lateral border: Medial border of the brachioradialis
Roof: Skin and Median cubital vein.
- This is the vein of choice for venepuncture.
- It does not slip
- Brachial artery and median nerve protected by biciptal aponeurosis.
What does the cubital fossa contain?
- Radial nerve
- Tendon of biceps brachii
- Brachial artery
- Median nerve
Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest
What muscles are in the superficial compartment of anterior forearm?
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Pronator teres
They are all innervated by the median nerve EXCEPT the flexor carpi ulnaris which is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
What muscles flex the wrist?
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
What muscle adducts the wrist?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle abducts the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
What muscle pronates the forearm?
Pronator teres
What muscle is in the intermediate compartment of anterior forearm?
-
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexion at the wrsit
- Flexion of the digits
- Metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers.
- Supplied by the median nerve
What muscles are in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?
-
Flexor pollicis longus
- Flexes the interpharangeal joint and metacarpohalangeal joints of the thumb.
- Median nerve
-
Pronator quadratus
- Pronation of the forearm
- Median nerve
-
Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexes wrist, metacarpophaphlangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joitnd at the 4 fingers.
- Medial part innervated by ulnar nerve
- Lateral part innervated by medial nerve
What neurovascular structures are present in the anterior forearm?
