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Applied Anatomy - Semester 2 > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow Complex consists of?

A
  1. Elbow joint
  2. Superior (Proximal) Radio-Ulnar joint

(Inferior (Distal) Radio-Ulnar joint)

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2
Q

Functions? ADLs? Of elbow

A

Prime function is to position the hand

Can change the height and length of the arm

Rotation allows effective positioning

Key for functional tasks (e.g. eating, drinking)

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3
Q

Classification Elbow J, degrees freedom, movements, ART?

A

Synovial hinge joint

1 degree of freedom

Movements
Flexion
Extension

Articulation between distal end of humerus and proximal end of radius and ulna

[1. Capitulum and radial head
2. Trochlea and olecranon ??]

Radial Collateral Ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Joint capsule / synovial fluid / hyaline cartilage

Superficial olecranon bursa

Joint capsule Continuous with annular ligament and ulnar and radial collateral ligaments, stregthened posterially by triceps tendn

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4
Q

Superior radio ulnar J, ART? Define types of surfaces and what they allow?

A

Synovial pivot joint

  • It is articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
  • Head of radius, radial notch of ulna - Annular ligament attaches to it

Congruent = stability

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5
Q

Joint line elbow j?

A

With elbow extended find lateral and medial epicondyles, which are on same level in this position, 1 cm below the lateral epicondyle and 2 cm below the medial epicondyle is the joint line of the elbow sloping downwards and medially.

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6
Q

Joint line Superior radio-ulnar joint (SRUJ)

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phfvhoa7pUc

Represented by a vertical line,approx. 1cm long, between the medial edge of the head of the radius; between radial head and the ulna. Palpable posteriorly

Key point: Medial part of radius articulates with lateral part of the ulnar

Find the HOR - ie inbetwen the lat condyle of humerus and the olecrenon .. then get pt to supineate / pronate - feel it moving

With the forearm in pronation the medial aspect of the radius will look like it is lateral.. however if refer back to the anatomical position it is actually medial

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7
Q

Carrying angle due to? Angle / relevance?

A

Due to the orientation of the trochlear notch

Average angle:
Men: 10-15°
Women: 20-25°

Relevance?
Arms need to clear pelvis in gait
Allows greater ROM in flexion
Mechanical advantage for carrying heavy objects

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8
Q

Anterior Capsule includes?

Weak where?

A

Elbow Joint
Superior Radio-Ulnar Joint

Continuous with annular ligament and ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Weak anteriorly and posteriorly

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9
Q

Capsule weak where?

A

Relatively weak posterially

Strengthened by blending with distal insertion of triceps

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10
Q

Ligaments

===
Collateral ligaments (resist what force?)
A

Radial Collateral Ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament

====
Radial collateral (lateral) 
Resist varus stress
Ulnar Collateral (medial)
Resist valgus stress
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11
Q

Bursa

A

Superficial olecranon bursa

Can be susceptible to bursitis (‘student’s elbow’) by pressure on elbow (leaning/trauma)

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12
Q

Muscles elbow j

A 
Flexion
Biceps brachii (A)
Brachialis (B)
Brachioradialis (B)
Pronator teres (B)

Extension
Triceps (A)
(Anconeus)

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13
Q

Measure ROM elbow J, degrees? End feel?

A

Fulcrum on lateral epicondyle, fixed arm towards shoulder

Flexion: 140°-160°
Extension: 0° (up to 10° hyperextension)

End feel
Flexion: soft (soft tissue bulk)
Extension: hard (olecranon in olecranon fossa)

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14
Q

Biceps..

A

Morphology - Fusiform, 2 Heads (short head and long head)

O-
Supraglenoid tubercle (Long Head)
Corocoid Process (Short head)

I-Radial Tuberosity
[+bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm]

Super man jumps off glencoe and catches corona virus so jumps in a radioactive tube to get rid of it

Action-
Flexion of elbow and shoulder
Supinator of forearm

Nerve - Musculocutaneous

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15
Q

Triceps..

Nerve?

A

Morphology - Fusiform, 3 Heads (long head, medial head & lateral head)

O-
Infraglenoid tubercle (Long Head)
Lateral side (lateral head), of posterior surface of humerus
medial side (medial head) of posterior surface of humerus

I-Olecranon process

An infared beam of light shines on glencoe which prevents lattitude from happening in a medevil castle so ole has to cancel his ticket

Action-
Extension of elbow and shoulder

Nerve - Radial

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16
Q

Additional actions of Elbow Flexors

A

Biceps - Flex elbow and Supinate

Brachioradialis - Mid-prone flexion - hammer head [Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus -> Distal radius (radial styloid process)]

(ignore) Brachialis - [anterior surface of the distal half of humerus -> coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna]

17
Q

Superior (Proximal) Radio-Ulnar joint

A

Synovial pivot joint

Medial aspect of head of radius with ulna

18
Q

Annular ligament - where? purpose?

A
  1. Encirciles the head and neck of radius

2. Provides fexibile support during pro/supination

19
Q

Joint line of the superior radioulnar joint

A

(pivot) Key point medial part of radial head articulates with the lateral part of ulnar.. find the groove where you palpate the head of the radius and then draw a line vertically downwards 1cm,

NB: with the forearm in pronation the ‘medial part’ will look lateral

20
Q

Joint line of elbow joint

A

(esentially the elbow crease) mention:

  • elbow extended
  • find lateral / medial epicondyles
  • 1cm below lateral epicondyle
  • 2cm below medial epicondyle
  • NB: it is an oblique line sloping downwards and mediailly
21
Q

ROM at the elbow + positioning + limiting factor / end feel

A

Flexion: 140 - 160, supine lying, - tissues / muscle tension / posterior ligaments - soft end feel
Extension: 0 - 10 supine lying, bone olecrenon on olecrenon fossa, hard end feel

PILLOW!!!!!!!!!!

22
Q

Superior radioulnar joint - movements ROM - positioning - limiting factors / end feel

A

Pronation: 0 -75, sitting neural (karate)- Firm - soft tissues / ligamentes
Supination: 0 - 85 - sitting neural (karate) - soft tissues / ligamentes

PILLOW!!!!!!!!!!

23
Q

Muscles used pronation / supination

Pronation.. prone…?

A

Poronation:

  • Pronator teres B
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Brachioradialis

Terry orders a quad vod and ends up prone..

Supination:

  • Supinator B
  • Biceps brachii A
  • Brachioradialis
24
Q

Brachioradialis does what re: sup / prone?

A

Can do either, in the extremes of sup / prone - will act to bring the forearm back into mid range

25
Q

PAMs at elbow joint - how many? and how? positioning?

A

PA - arm in extension, stabilise infront of humerous, pt supine, bed at good height, pillow under shoulder,

AP - arm in extension, stablise behind humerous, pillow under shoulder, pt supine, bed at good height

Longitudinal caudad - fix humerous and yank, arm at 90 degrees of flexion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa23pcpjYYM

26
Q

PAM superior radion ulnar joint how many? and how? positioning?

A

PA - pt supine, arm on pts chest, push on medial aspect where you can palpate movement

AP - pt supine, arm on pts chest, push on lateral aspect, (otherside of radial head to PA)

27
Q

How to put the biceps on stretch?

A

Elbow extension, shoulder extension, pronation

28
Q

How to put the tricpes on stretch?

A

Shoulder flexion, elbow flextion

29
Q

Medial epicondyle of humerus Positioning? Where? How? Attachments?

A

model in sitting (squish.. same as femur)
Slide fingers down medial aspect humerus, obvious bony prominence medial aspect above elbow joint
Provides attachment for; Common flexor tendon

30
Q

Lateral epicodyle of humerus Positioning? Where? How? Attachments?

A

model in sitting (squish.. same as femur)
Slide fingers down lateral border of humerus, obvious bony prominence lateral aspect just above elbow joint.
Provides attachment for; Common extensor tendon, Anconeus

Lats extend the shoulder (extensor tendon)
Medial you have to flex to drink mead (flexor tendon)

31
Q

Olecranon Positioning? Where? How? Attachments?

A

model in sitting
Posterior aspect of elbow joint, bony prominence, palpate lateral, medial and superior borders with elbow flexed.
Provides attachment for; Triceps

32
Q

Posterior border of ulna Positioning? Where? How? Attachments?

A

model in sitting Palpate from the olecranon slide down to head of ulna.
Provides attachment for; ECU, FCU via common aponeurosis

33
Q

Head of radius Positioning? Where? How? Attachments?

A

model in sitting
Find lateral epicondyle of humerus and point of olecranon. Palpate in dip midway between these two points, slightly distally. Check by pronating and supinating forearm can feel head rolling under fingers.
Surrounded by annular ligt

Applied Anatomy - Semester 2 (10 decks)

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