Cervical spine Flashcards
How many vertebra in C spine? Name them all
C1 - C7, C1 = atlas, C2 = Axis
What are the special features of the vertebra in C - spine re: shape, group them + explain
C1 atlas - no spinous processes C2 axis - has Dens - bone that allows for movement C3 - C6 = 'typical vertebra' C7 is typical but just longer, C7 is not bifid C2-C7 are bifid : - short pedicles - transverse arch - transverse foramen
What is the joint at C1 / C2? What movements? What classification (type of joint)? Articulating surfaces?
- Atlando - axial joint - synovial ‘pivot joint’
- 1/3 of of rotation - approx 50 degrees left/right of c-spine at this joint
- small amount of lateral flexion and extension
- Comprised of 3 joints: one median atlantoaxial joint and two lateral atlantoaxial joints
- ART: medial part of atlas articulates with the dens of c2 (axis) and osteoligamentous ring (anterior arch of atlas [C1], transverse ligament of atlas)
Besides C1/C2 joint, what other joints are there in the c-spine?
What type?
Movements?
Differences compared to lumbar?
Features of each / where are they situated??
- Atlando-occipital joint - nodding movements - flex / extend
- Intervertebral joints - symphesis joints - these move more than in the lumbar - anterior - have a disc
- Facet joints (zygapophyseal) - synovial plane joints, posterior, has loose capsule - facilitates movement
Ligaments of c spine
Big Al..
Big Al (1) is eating an apple (2) while doing a transatlantic (3) sailing trip using longitudinal (4) navigation provided by Flava Flav (5) yeee boi
- Alar ligament
- Apical ligament
- Transverse ligament
NB: the three above provide stabiltiy to the atalndo-axial jint - they limit excessive movement of the atlas on the axis, ie excessive flexion / extension - Anterior / posterior longitudinal ligament [ O: c spine, I = sacrum]
- Ligamentum flavum - between arches of vertebrae
Vertebral atery runs?
Through transverse foramen of c spine
Careful doing pams
Movements at C-spine + muscles used
Flexion:
- longus coli
- longus capitus
- sternocleiomastoid
Extension:
- semispinalis capitus / cervius
- erectus spinae (same as lumbar / thoracic spine)
- levator scapulae (retreact / elevate scapular)
- trapezius (retreact / elevate scapular)
Side flexion:
- Scalenes
- Trapezius (retreact / elevate scapular)
- Levator scapulae (retreact / elevate scapular)
- sternocleiomastoid (ipsilateral)
Rotation:
- semi spinalis
- splendius
- sternocleiomastoid (contralateral)
What kind of spine is the cervial spine?
lordosis, secondary
what is c1’s function? / what is its name / what are its features?
Weight bearing of the skull, atlas
no spinous processes
ant / post arch
atlando-occipital joints: type? , articular surfaces, movements?
- condyloid joints
- ART: c1 (atlas) and occipdate (skull) and occipital condyles
- Felxion / extension - ‘nodding movements’
Where is the most mobile part of the spine?
cervial
breaking the cervical spine down into two segments, what are they ie name vertebra, what are the movements occuring there + how much?
Plus flex / extension above ‘upper part at atlando-occipital joint
upper c spine - c1-c2 1/3 rotation
lower c spine - c3 - c7 2/3 rotation, extension, side flexion
how do you measure ROM in c spine? (3)
goniometer, incolmeter, eye ball
Trapizeus - cat A
Morph, O (4) / I (3), actions, fibres?
Octopus on a Trapizeus..
Octopus is..
Morph - large trianglular
Upper fibres - down / lat
Middle fibres - horizontal
Lower fibres - superiorially, lat
- O - occipital proterbance, nuchal line, upper portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T12
- I - lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon process, spine of scapular
Occtopus (1) is protecting (1) a new child (2) watching UP when a ligar noob tubes (3) his spine (4).. then latvian x 3 arrive plying the clave (1) rhythm to try and heal the spine (2) with music from runeScape (2) while doing acro yoga (3)
Actions:
At C-spine: Cervical extension (when both sides contract), cervical side flexion (when one side contracts)
At shoulder girdle: Depression (lower), upward roation, elevation (upper), retraction (mid)
Motor: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Motor/Sensory: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C4 (via cervical plexus)
Sternocleomastiod - Cat A (clue for all are in name..+ one more)
Morph, O/I, actions, fibres?
Morph: large, thick, strap like muscle
Origin: Manbrium (sterno), medial portion of clavicle (cleo)
I: Mastiod process of temporal bone (Mastoid), superior nuchal line
Actions: contralateral cervical rotation, ipsolateral cervial side flexion, cervial flexion
i.e if left SCM contracts, it flexes the left side and rotates the right side
