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MS 1 > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

carrying angle for men and women

A

11-14 degrees for men

13-16 degrees for women

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2
Q

what ligament holds the carrying angle?

A

MCL

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3
Q

closed packed position of humeroulnar joint elbow

A

extension and supination (anatomical position)

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4
Q

CPR of elbow

A

loss of flexion >extension

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5
Q

closed packed position of the humeroradial joint of elbow

A

flexed to 90 and supinated to 5 degrees

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6
Q

glide for flexion of humeroulnar joint

A

distal/anterior

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7
Q

glide for extension of humeroulnar joint

A

proximal/posterior

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8
Q

glide for flexion of humeroradial joint

A

anterior

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9
Q

glide for extension of humeroradial joint

A

posterior

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10
Q

glide for forearm varus

A

lateral

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11
Q

glide for forearm valgus

A

medial

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12
Q

CPP of proximal radioulnar joint

A

5 degrees supination

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13
Q

CPR prox. radioulnar joint

A

equal loss supination/pronation

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14
Q

what ligment covers apprx. 80% of the articular surface of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

annular ligament

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15
Q

to gain pronation, at prox. radioulnar joint, glide_______

A

dorsally, posteriorly

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16
Q

to gain supniation at prox. radioulnar joint, glide_____

A

anteriorly, volarly

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17
Q

glide and slide are in the _____ direction for the distal radioulnar joint?

A

same

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18
Q

to gain pronation at the distal radioulnar joint, glide______

A

volarly

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19
Q

to gain supination at distal radioulnar joing, glide_______

A

dorsally

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20
Q

symptom location at elbow: anterior

A

ant. capsule strain, biceps rupture, dislocation, pronator syndrome

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21
Q

symptom location at elbow: posterior

A

olecranon bursitis, olecranon process stress fx, triceps tendonitis

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22
Q

symptom location at elbow: medial

A

medial epicondylitis, MCL, ulnar neuritis, fx

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23
Q

symptom location at elbow: lateral

A

LCL, lateral epicondylitis, capitulum fx,ostochondral degeneration, osteochondritis dessicans, radial head fx

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24
Q

flexion ROM

A

150

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25
Q

extension ROM

A

0-10

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26
Q

supination ROM

A

90 degrees

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27
Q

pronation ROM

A

80-90

28
Q

test for lateral epicondylitis

A

resisted middle finger extension, tests ECRB, mills and cozens tests also

29
Q

Cozen’s test

A

resist wrist extension and radial dev. Tests ECRB and ECRL for lateral epicondylitis

30
Q

Mill’s test

A

lateral epicondylitis test: passive stretch into pronation and flexion of wrist with extended elbow. pain?

31
Q

medial epicondylitis test

A

passive stretch, supinate, extend wrist and extend elbow now radially deviate and palpate medial epicondyle

32
Q

test for cubital tunnel syndrome

A

ulnar nerve tinnel’s tapping

33
Q

other test for cubital tunnel syndrome (not tinnels)

A

sustained elbow flexion for up to 10 seconds.

34
Q

what does a humeroulnar joint distraction help with? “the scoop”

A

flexion

35
Q

how do u “release the olecranon” when performing glides at the elbow?

A

by placing a towel under the patient’s forearm in order to achieve 5 degrees of flexion

36
Q

how much flexion is needed to perofrm a humeroradial distraction?

A

30-45 degrees

37
Q

What is Panner’s disease?

A

avascular necrosis of the capitulum

38
Q

who does panner’s disease most commonly affect?

A

boys, < 10 years old, affects their dominant arm

39
Q

S&S of panner’s disease

A

dull ache at the lateral elbow, swelling, stiff, tender
can’t fully extend pronate or supinate
pain gets worse with activity and better with rest

40
Q

tx for panner’s disease

A

reduce pain and inflammation, bone rebuilds on its own in 1-2 years

41
Q

radial head fracture MOI

A

foosh with forearm pronated and elbow flexed, axial compression, valgus forces or forced supination

42
Q

what is the radial head an important stabilizer of?

A

valgus stresses

43
Q

what is the terrible triad?

A

elbow joint dislocation, radial head fracture and coronoid process fracture

44
Q

S&S of radial head fx?

A

still elbow, cant fully flex or extend, pain with pronation and supination, pain over radial head

45
Q

tx of radial head fx

A

may or may not have surgery, PT= no manual therapy, regain full wrist and elbow ROM, isometric elbow and wrist exercises, concentric wrist exercises in pain free range

46
Q

types of radial head fx: I, II, III, IV

A 
1= undisplaced
2= displaced >30% but <50% of the head
3= entire head comminuted
4= w/ elbow dislocation
47
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

just like carpal tunnel but at the ulnar nerve in the cubital fossa of the elbow

48
Q

S&S of cubital tunnel syndrome

A 
waking up at night with numb fingers
pain, swelling in elbow
aching pain on inside of elbow
difficulty manipulating objects
weak grip
claw hand
n/t in the 4th and 5th digits, especially with a bent elbow
mm wasting in hand if its chronic enough
49
Q

special tests for cubital tunnel syndrome

A 
tinel's sign
elbow flexion test
froment's sign
upper limb tension test for ulnar N
sensory exam for ulnar nerve distribution
50
Q

tx of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

massage to flexor mm in forearm, neural mobs and glides

gentle ROM, strengthening

51
Q

Grades of cubital tunnel syndrome: I, II, III

A

I- intermittent paresthesia, no motor loss
II- persistent symptoms, mild weakness
III- severe paresthesia, obvious loss of sensation, functional and motor impairment, atrophy of intrinsics, sign of benediction

52
Q

medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

A

inflammation of medial epicondyle

53
Q

S&S of golfer’s elbow

A

swelling, weakness, tightness, pain starting in medial elbow and radiating down, increased pain with twisting motions

54
Q

tests for golfers elbow (med. epicondylitis)

A

resisted wrist flexion

resisted forearm pronation

55
Q

tx for medial epincondylitis

A

friction massage, stretching, full and painless wrist and elbow ROM, start with isometrics then add resistance, then concentrics then eccentrics

56
Q

little leaguer’s elbow

A

repetitive microtrauma to apophysis and ossification center of the medial epicondyle. constant medial traction pulls growth plate. in adults it stresses the UCL and leads to tommy john sx

57
Q

little leaguer’s elbow MOI

A

overuse of large valgus stresses to the elbow and lateral compression of structures

58
Q

S&S little leaguer’s elbow

A

medial elbow pain, tenderness, pain with throwing, decreased velocity with throwing, flexion contracture

59
Q

tests for little leaguer’s elbow

A 
moving valgus stress test
milking maneuver (applying valgus stress)
detailed history of throwing habits
ulnar nerve and C8/T1
throwing mechanics?
60
Q

tx of little leaguer’s elbow?

A

PRICE, pain free rom, active wrist and elbow motions, core and shoulder and scapular strengthening, eccentric exercises for elbow, low load high reps

61
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow: imflammation at the lateral epicondyle of elbow

62
Q

what attatches to the lateral epicondylitis

A

extensors

63
Q

s&S lateral epincondylitis

A

dull ache at rest
tenderness at lateral elbow over ECRB and ECRL
swelling
pain in lat. elbow during wrist extension and grasping

64
Q

tests for lateral epicondylitis

A

cozen’s test

mill’s test

65
Q

tx for lateral epicondylitis

A

stretching and isometrics in acute,
hand putty, PRICE
move to strengthening, focus on eccentric strengthening at the wrist, look at their tennis racket

66
Q

what is the proper way to progress strengthening exercises

A

isometrics>AROM GE>AAROM with gravity>AROM against gravity>eccentrics> resisted eccentrics

MS 1 (11 decks)

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