EL9 How Salty? Flashcards
What are group 2 oxides and hydroxides, and what do they do?
Bases, they react with acids to form salts.
What is an acid neutralised by?
A base/ alkaline.
What are the properties of acids due to?
Their ability to transfer H+ ions to something else.
What is a substance that accepts H+ ions called?
A base.
What is an acid?
A substance that donates H+ ions in a chemical reaction.
What is the theory of H+ ion transfer know as?
The Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases.
What are acids sometimes referred to?
Proton donors.
What are bases sometimes referred as?
Proton acceptors.
How do we know hydrochloric acid contain ions?
It can readily conduct electricity.
What 2 ions do hydrochloric acid and water make?
Oxonium ion H^3O^+ and a chlorine ion Cl^-
Where does oxonium occur?
In every acidic solution.
What happens when an acid dissolves in water?
H+ ions form in solution.
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions OH^-.
What do some alkalis already have?
Some already contain hydroxide ions, and some have to form them when reacting with water.
What is the ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction?
H+ (aq) + OH- >H2O (l)
What are ionic equations also written for?
Insoluble salts formed by precipitation reactions.
How can the exact volume at neutralisation of a solution, or the amount of acid or base in the original solution be calculated?
By knowing the exact concentration of either the acid or base, and when they have neutralised each other.
What do you need to be able to do to find out the volume of neutralised solution?
Dilute a solution, make up a standard solution, and carry out an acid-base titration.
What do you need to convert g/dm into mol/dm^3?
The molar mass of the substance involved.
What do chemists prefer to measure quantities in?
Moles.
What is the calculation for concentration in mol/dm^3?
Concentration g/dm / molar mass g/mol.
How do you work out the concentration of solution in g/dm?
Amount of solute g/volume of solution dm^3.
What will a solutions concentration depend on when its made?
The amount of solute, and the final volume of solution.
How do you calculate dilution?
Original concentration/ diluted concentration.
How can we calculate the volume of the original stock?
Total volume needed/ dilution.
How do you calculate the starting volume of a solution?
Final concentration * final volume / all divided by starting concentration.
