EL2 How Do We Know So Much About Outer Space? Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific spectroscopy principle?

A

Under certain conditions, a substance can absorb or emit electro magnetic radiation in a characteristic way.

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2
Q

What does analysing a substance’s electromagnetic radiation tell you?

A

What the substance is and information about its structure and atoms.

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3
Q

What do glowing stars emit?

A

The light frequencies between the ultraviolet and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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4
Q

What does the sun emit?

A

Mainly visible light.

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5
Q

What do stars hotter than the sun emit?

A

Mainly ultraviolet radiation.

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6
Q

What is the region outside a stars surface called?

A

The chromosphere.

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7
Q

What is a stars surface called?

A

The photosphere.

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8
Q

What does the chromosphere contain?

A

Ions, atoms, and small molecules.

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9
Q

What do the particles from the chromosphere do?

A

Absorb some of the emitted radiation so that the light analysed from stars is missing certain frequencies.

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10
Q

What does the absorption spectrum look like?

A

The absorption lines appear black which lie on a coloured background.

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11
Q

Why are the absorption lines black on the absorption spectrum?

A

They are the missing frequencies absorbed by the chromosphere particles.

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12
Q

When does the frequency increase on the spectrum?

A

From left to right.

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13
Q

What happens to the particles in the chromosphere when they absorb energy?

A

They are raised from their ground state (lowest energy state) to higher energy states called excited states.

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14
Q

How can particles in the chromosphere lose their extra energy?

A

By emitting electromagnetic radiation.

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15
Q

What does the emission spectrum look like?

A

Frequencies emitted are as coloured lines on a black background.

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16
Q

What does white light contain and what kind of spectrum is it?

A

All the visible wavelengths, and a continuous spectrum.

17
Q

What does light seen from stars consist of?

A

Lines corresponding to the absorption or emission of specific frequencies of light.

18
Q

What particles are mainly in the suns chromosphere?

A

Hydrogen and helium atoms.

19
Q

What do hydrogen atoms do?

A

Dominate the chromosphere’s emission spectrum, with seen helium lines as well.

20
Q

What do both emission and absorption spectrums of the same substance do?

A

They frequencies match up exactly.

21
Q

What is the balmer series?

A

The hydrogen emission spectrum in visible light.

22
Q

What is the lyman series?

A

The hydrogen emission spectrum in ultraviolet light.

23
Q

What do hydrogen atoms have emission spectrums in?

A

Visible light and ultraviolet light.

24
Q

What is spectroscopy a study of?

A

The interaction of light and matter.

25
Q

What are the two atomic spectra?

A

Absorption spectra and emission spectra.

26
Q

What are the two models that describe the behaviour of light?

A

The wave theory and particle theory.

27
Q

What characteristics does light have and why?

A

Wavelength and frequency, its a form of electromagnetic radiation so it behaves like a wave.

28
Q

What is the speed of light when travelling in a vacuum?

A

3.00 * 10^8 ms^-1

29
Q

What do different colours of light have?

A

Different wavelengths.

30
Q

What is the equation for the speed of light?

A

Speed of light(ms) = wavelength (m) * frequency (s)

31
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves that pass through a point each second.

32
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the same point on another.

33
Q

What is light regarded as in the particle theory of light?

A

Tiny packets of energy called photons.

34
Q

What is the energy of a photon related to?

A

The position of the light in the electromagnetic spectrum.

35
Q

What is the equation for an energy of a photon?

A

Energy of a photon (J) = planck constant (Js) * frequency (s)