EL3 Electrons, Where Would We Be Without Them? Flashcards
What number is each shell given?
A quantum number, n=1, 2 ,3, 4.
What are the limits of electrons in each shell?
2, 8, 18, 32.
What are many of the properties and chemistries of atoms decided by?
The outer shell electrons.
What does the emission spectra of the elements indicate?
Shells are split into sub-shells.
What are the four sub-shells?
S, p, d, and f.
What are the max number of electrons for each sub-shell?
2, 6, 10, 14.
When do the energies of sub-shells fall?
As the nuclear charge increases between elements.
Which sub-shells overlap?
3 and 4.
What is an orbital?
A particular region of space around the nucleus where an electron can be found.
What are the max number of orbitals in each sub-shell?
1, 3, 5, 7.
What are sub-shells split further into?
Orbitals.
How many electrons can each orbital accommodate for?
2
When can electrons only occupy the same orbital?
If they have opposite, or paired, spins.
What does every electron spin at?
The same rate.
What is always the first electron spin direction in an orbital?
Clockwise.
Which way is a clockwise electron spin arrow pointing?
Up |^
What ways can the 2 electrons spin in an orbital?
Clockwise and anticlockwise.
What does the box and arrows represent in orbital diagrams?
The box is the orbital and the arrows are electrons.
What four pieces of information are needed when describing an electron?
The shell it’s in, the sub-shell it’s in, it’s orbital within the sub-shell, and its spin.
What is the electronic configuration?
The arrangement of electrons in shells and orbitals.
How are orbitals filled?
In order of increasing energy to produce the lowest energy arrangement possible.
What orbitals are filled first and why?
Empty orbitals with the same energy, to keep electrons as far away as possible before pairing up in orbitals.
What do electrons in singly occupied orbitals have and why?
Parallel spins, for the lowest energy arrangement.
What does each symbol mean in an electron configuration? eg 1s^2
The large number in front shows the principal quantum number, the letters show the sub-shells, and the small numbers show the number of electrons in each sub-shell.
