EL7:1.1 Blood Sweat And Seas Flashcards
What are cations?
Positively charged ions.
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions.
What do metals lose to form?
Electrons to form cations.
What do non-metals gain to form?
Electrons to forn anions.
Why is it harder to gain 2 or more electrons than 1 electron?
As 2 or more electrons repel with the first electron gained.
What is an ionic bond also known as?
An electrostatic bond of attraction.
What does ionic bonding occur between?
Metals and non-metals.
When are ions only formed?
If the overall energy change is favourable.
What is the attraction in an ionic bond like?
Strong.
What do ions build up to form in a solid compound?
An ionic lattice.
Why are electrons transferred from metals to non-metals?
To give ions with a stable electronic structures.
What does the arrangement in a crystal lattice depend on?
The relative sizes of the ions.
What is every ion in an ionic lattice surrounded by?
6 more ions with an opposite charge.
What are the physical properties of ionic compounds?
Very high melting point, very brittle, conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution, and are soluble in water.
What does it mean if ionic compounds have a high melting point?
A large amount of energy must be put in to overcome the strong electrostatic attractions and separate the ions.
What does dislocation lead to in ionic compounds?
Layers moving and similar ions being adjacent, causing repulsion to split it.
When don’t ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?
When solid, as the ions are held strongly in the lattice.
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?
When molten or in an aqueous solution, the ions are free to move.
What are ionic compounds insoluble in?
Non-polar solvents.
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Water is a polar solvent and stabilises the separate ions.
What are complex ions such as a hydroxide ion held together by?
Covalent bonds.
What do Roman numerals in brackets next to an ion mean?
That ion has more than one common ion.
What must add up when writing a formula for ionic compounds?
The charges must equal zero.
What does an acid+alkali make?
A salt and water.
What does an acid+base make?
A salt and water.
What does an acid+carbonate make?
A salt, water and carbon dioxide.
What does an acid+metal make?
A salt and hydrogen.
What ionic compounds don’t dissolve readily in water?
Barium, calcium, lead, and silver sulfates, silver and lead halides (group 7), all metal carbonates, and metal hydroxides except group 1 and ammonium hydroxides.
What do reactions with ionic substances involve?
Only one of the two ions in the substance.
What are spectator ions?
Ions that are not involved in the reaction.
What is shown and not shown in an ionic equation?
Only shows the ions that take place in the reaction but not spectator ions.
What is important in ionic equations?
State symbols.
What do state symbols in ionic equations help to identify?
If the reaction involves ionic precipitation.
What is precipitation?
A suspension of solid particles produced by a chemical reaction in solution.
