El Presente de Subjuntivo Flashcards
0
Q
The Subjunctive Mood is used in the following situations:
A
- Wishes and Desires (querer, desear, necesitar, esperar, etc.
- Emotion (Verbos Especiales; gustar, encantar, molestar, alegrar…) and [Verbos Reflexivos; sentir(se)]
- Impersonal Expressions (Es necesario, es preferible, es importante, es bueno/malo, es urgente…)
- Recommendations (recomendar, sugerir, aconsejar, proponer, dar consejos, pedir, decir, rogar, ordinar)
- Doubt (dudar, no dudar, no creer, no pensar, no puede ser que, possiblemente, probablemente, TAL VEZ, Quizas)
- Ojalá
- Antedentes Negativos (no hay nadie que, no hay nada que, no creo que nadie, no existe que, no existe nadie que
- Antecedentes Indefinidos (Hay algo que, Hay alguien que Hay alguna cosa que, Hay alguna persona que)
- Con Expresiones de propósito (para que, a find de que, con tal de que, con la finalidad de que)
- Expresar un futuro eventual (Cuando, en cuanto, tan pronto como, después de que
- Con Otras expresiones (sin que, a menos que, en caso de que, antes de que)
1
Q
In every subjunctive sentence there is:
A
Often an indicative clause that reports the WIERDO situations There is some aspect of uncertainty There is something that is not known or is not controllable.
2
Q
Formation of the Present subjunctive
A
- Begin with the YO form. 2. Drop the -o ending 3. -ar: add e, es, e, emos, éis, en 4. -er/ir: add a, as, a, amos, áis, an
3
Q
Irregular - dar
A
dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
4
Q
Irregular - estar
A
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
5
Q
Irregular - haber
A
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
6
Q
Irregular - ir
A
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
7
Q
Irregular - saber
A
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
8
Q
Irregular - Ser
A
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
9
Q
esperar
A
(W) to hope
10
Q
exigir
A
to demand (w)
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Q
insistir en
A
to insist (on) (r)
12
Q
ojalá
A
God willing, I strongly hope
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Q
pedir (e>i)
A
to request (w)
14
Q
preferir (e>ie)
A
to prefer (w)
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Q
querer (e>ie)
A
to want (w)
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Q
rogar (o>ue)
A
to plead, beg (r)
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Q
sugerir (e>ie)
A
to suggest (r)
18
Q
dudar que
A
to doubt that (d)
19
Q
no creer que
A
to not believe that (d)
20
Q
no estar convencido/a de que
A
to not be convinced that (d)
21
Q
no estar seguro/a de que
A
to not be sure that (d)
22
Q
no imaginarse que
A
to not imagine that (d)
23
Q
no parecer que
A
to not seem that (d)
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no pensar que
to not think that (d)
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no suponer que
to not suppose that (d)
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temer que
to suspect/fear that (e)
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conviene que
it is advisable that (r)
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es fantástico que
it is fantastic that (i.e)
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es importante que
it is important that (i.e)
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es imposible que
it is impossible that (i.e)
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es increíble que
it is incredible that (i.e)
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es (una) lástima que
it is a pity/shame that (i.e)
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es mejor que
it is better that (i.e)
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es necesario que
it is necessary that (i.e)
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es posible que
it is possible that (i.e)
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es preferible que
it is preferable that (i.e)
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es probable que
it is probable that (i.e)
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es ridículo que
it is rediculous that (i.e)
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es terrible que
it is terrible that (i.e)
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más vale que
it is better that (i.e)
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ojalá (que)
I hope (that) If only he/it/they, etc. would/could/might
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puede ser que
it may be that (d)
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a menos que
unless (con otras expr)
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antes (de) que
before (con otra expr.)
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con tal (de) que
provided that (expresiones de propósito)
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cuando
when (futuro eventual)
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después (de) que
after (futuro eventual)
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en caso de que
in case (con otras expr)
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hasta que
until (futuro eventual)
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mientras que
while (con otra expr)
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para que
so that, in order that (con expresiones de propósito)
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sin que
without (con otras expr)
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tan pronto como
as soon as (futuro eventual)
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quizá, tal vez
perhaps, maybe (d)
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aunque
even if, although, even though (d)
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mandar
to order (w)
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prohibir
to prohibit (r)
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necesitar
to need (w)
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importar
to be important, to matter (r)
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desear
to wish, to desire (w)
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1. **W**ishes and desires
* Wishing, wanting, demanding, desiring, expecting, ordering and preferring fall into this catagory.
* The dependent clause represents what we want fro someone else, tha actions have not yet/or may never occur, therefore subjunctive must be used.
* When using these verbs, if the subject of the sentences changes after ‘que’, then the verb that follows ‘que’ must be in the subjunctive mood.
* Examples: Yo quiero que Jennifer me ayude. I want Jennifer to help me.
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aconsejar
to advise (r)
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3. Doubt
When doubting in Spanish, we may use the subjunctive.
To doubt or deny something is to question its sense of reality.
Some verbs such as
* ‘dudar’ (to doubt)
* negar - to deny
* ‘no creer’
* ‘no pensar’ (not to think)
* ‘no parecer’ (not seem to)
* no comprender
* no estar seguro (not to be sure)
* no suponer (not to assume)
* puede ser que (it may be that)
* no puede ser que
* tal vez
* quizas
* a lo mejor (maybe)
* posiblemente
* probablemente
Example: No creo que vaya a llover. I don’t think it’s going to rain.
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5. **R**ecommendations and Demands
When a person recommends, suggests, wants, or asks a person to do something, the subjunctive will be needed.
"Que" seperates the recommender from the recommendation.
Some verbs that we usually use are:
* ‘insistir’ (to insist)
* ‘demandar’ (to demand
* ‘pedir’ (to ask, to request)
* recommendar
* sugerir
* aconsejar
* proponer
* dar consjos
* decir
* rogar
* solicitar
* ordinar
* prohibir
* exijir
* mandar
* dar permiso
* El sargento exige que todos los soldados marchen. The sargent demands that all the soldiers march.
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6. Permission and Prohibition
The subjunctive must be used in all cases when someone is trying to influence the action of another person in some way through permission and prohibition. Examples: Su madre le prohíbe que vaya allí. His mother forbids him to go there.
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7. **I**mpersonal expressions (frases impersonales)
An impersonal expression is one which does not have a personal subject, it is someone's opinion or judgements which introduces an aspect of uncertainty or subjectivity, and then triggers the use of subjunctive.
* es agradable
* es estupendo
* es necesario
* es urgente
* es bueno
* es extraño
* es probable
* es vergonoso- it is a disgrace
* es curioso
* es importante
* es raro
* ne es cierto
* es dudoso
* es increíble
* es recomendable
* ne es hecho
* es esencial
* es malo
* es una lástima
* no es verdad
* es preferible
* es fundamental
* es sorprendente
* es imposible
* es preciso
* es dudoso
* no es seguro
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8. **E**motions
Because emotions **are not necessarily facts**, you can expect to find the subjunctive used when emotions are being expressed.
* gustar,
* encantar,
* molestar,
* emocionar,
* alegrar,
* dolar etc.
* Sintir(se) felize, sentir(se) mal, sentir(se) triste etc.
* Example: María siente mucho que no puedas venir. Maria is very sorry (that) you are unable to come.
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9. Negative Commands and Formal Imperatives
When telling someone not to do something (negative commands), the present subjunctive is required. Imperatives using the polite ‘you’ (‘usted’ or ‘ustedes’) need subjunctive, too.
* No vayas allí. Don’t go there.
* Cierre (usted) la ventana, por favor. Close the window, please.
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10. Subordinating Phrases and Conjunctions
Uncompleted or prospective actions require subjunctive, too. These expressions give the condition that something will be done at a certain time.
Example:
Llámame cuando termines la reunión. Call me when you have finished the meeting. Then, we can see that he/she will only call once he/she has finished the meeting. That is the reason why subjunctive must be used after ‘cuando’.
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Antecedentes Negativos
* no hay nadie que
* no hay nada que
* no creo que nadie
* no existe que
* no existe nadie que
* No hay nadie que hable Mandarín
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Antecedentes Indefinidos (uso por preguntas)
* Hay algo que...(there is something that)
* Hay alguien que...(is there anyone that)
* Hay alguna cosa que...(is there something that)
* Hay alguna person que...(is there a person who)
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Con expresiones de propósito (with expressions of purpose)
* Para que - so that
* a fin de que - in order that
* con tal de que - provided that/ that as long as
* con la finalidad de que - for the purpose that
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Expresar un futuro eventual
* Cuando - when
* en cuanto - with regard to, in time for
* tan pronto como - as soon as
* después de que - after
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Con otras expresiones
* sin que - without
* a menos que - unless
* en caso de que - in case, in the event that
* antes de que - before
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recomendar
to recomend (r)
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proponer
to propose (r)
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dar consejos
to give advise (r)
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decir
to say (r)
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solicitar
to request (r)
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ordenar
to order (r)
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dar permiso
give permission (r)
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gustar
to be pleasing to (e)
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encantar
to love (e)
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molestar
to bother, to get upset (e)
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emocionar(se)
to excite, to thrill (e)
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alegrar(se)
to be happy (e)
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sentir(se) feliz
sentir(se) mal
sentir(se) triste...
to feel happy (e)
to feel bad (e)
to feel bad (e)
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puede ser que
it may be that (d)
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no puede ser que
it may not be that (d)
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a lo mejor
maybe (d)
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posiblemente
possibly (d)
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Probablemente
probably (d)
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es fundamental
it is fundamental (i.e)
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es bueno/malo
it is good/bad (i.e)
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es urgente
it is urgent (i.e)
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es sorprendente
it is surprising (i.e)
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no es cierto
it is not certain (i.e)
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es preciso
it is necesary (i.e)
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es dudoso
it is doubtful (i.e)
100
es mejor/peor
it is better/worse (i.e)
101
no es seguro
it is not safe (i.e)
102
no hay nadie que
there is nobody that (antecedentes negativos)
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no hay nada que
there is nothing that (antecedentes negativos)
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no creo que nadie
I don't believe that anyone (antecedentes negativos)
105
no existe que
it doesn't exist that (antecedentes negativos)
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no existe nadie que
there is no one that (antecedentes negativos)
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hay algo que
is there something that... (antcedentes indefinidos)
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Hay alguien que
is there anyone that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
109
Hay algun cosa que
is there something that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
110
Hay alguna persona que
is there a person that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
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a fin de que
in order that ( con expresiones de propósito)
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con la finalidad de que
for the purpose that (con expresiones de propósito)
113
en cuanto
in time for/with regard to (futuro eventual)
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antes de que
before (con otras expresiones)
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no suponer
do not assume (d)
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negar
to deny, to refuse (d)
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# reverse
(W) to hope
esperar
118
# reverse
to demand (w)
exigir
119
# reverse
to insist (on) (r)
insistir en
120
# reverse
God willing, I strongly hope
ojalá
121
# reverse
to request (w)
pedir (e\>i)
122
# reverse
to prefer (w)
preferir (e\>ie)
123
# reverse
to want (w)
querer (e\>ie)
124
# reverse
to plead, beg (r)
rogar (o\>ue)
125
# reverse
to suggest (r)
sugerir (e\>ie)
126
# reverse
to doubt that (d)
dudar que
127
# reverse
to not believe that (d)
no creer que
128
# reverse
to not be convinced that (d)
no estar convencido/a de que
129
# reverse
to not be sure that (d)
no estar seguro de que
130
# reverse
to not imagine that (d)
no imaginarse que
130
# reverse
to not seem that (d)
no parecer que
131
# reverse
to not think that (d)
no pensar que
131
# reverse
to not suppose that (d)
no suponer que
131
# reverse
to suspect/fear that (e)
temer que
132
# reverse
it is advisable that (r)
conviene que
132
# reverse
it is fantastic that (i.e)
es fantástico que
133
# reverse
it is important that (i.e)
es importante que
133
# reverse
it is impossible that (i.e)
es imposible que
133
# reverse
it is incredible that (i.e)
es increíble que
133
# reverse
it is a pity/shame that (i.e)
es (una) lástima que
134
# reverse
it is better that (i.e)
es mejor que
135
# reverse
it is necessary that (i.e)
es necesario que
135
# reverse
it is possible that (i.e)
es posible que
135
# reverse
it is preferable that (i.e)
es preferible que
135
# reverse
it is probable that (i.e)
es probable que
135
# reverse
it is rediculous that (i.e)
es ridículo que
135
# reverse
it is terrible that (i.e)
es terrible que
135
# reverse
it is better that (i.e)
más vale que
135
# reverse
I hope (that) If only he/it/they, etc. would/could/might
ojalá (que)
135
# reverse
it may be that (d)
puede ser que
136
# reverse
unless (con otras expr)
a menos que
136
# reverse
before (con otra expr.)
antes (de) que
137
# reverse
provided that (expresiones de propósito)
con tal (de) que
137
# reverse
when (futuro eventual)
cuando
137
# reverse
after (futuro eventual)
después (de) que
137
# reverse
in case (con otras expr)
en caso de que
137
# reverse
until (futuro eventual)
hasta que
137
# reverse
while (con otra expr)
mientras que
137
# reverse
so that, in order that (con expresiones de propósito)
para que
137
# reverse
without (con otras expr)
sin que
137
# reverse
as soon as (futuro eventual)
tan pronto como
138
# reverse
perhaps, maybe (d)
quizá, tal vez
138
# reverse
even if, although, even though (d)
aunque
138
# reverse
to order (w)
mandar
139
# reverse
to prohibit (r)
prohibir
139
# reverse
to need (w)
necesitar
140
# reverse
to be important, to matter (r)
importar
141
# reverse
to wish, to desire (w)
desear
141
# reverse
to advise (r)
aconsejar
141
# reverse
to recomend (r)
recomendar
142
# reverse
to propose (r)
proponer
142
# reverse
to give advise (r)
dar consejos
143
# reverse
to say (r)
decir
143
# reverse
to request (r)
solicitar
143
# reverse
to order (r)
ordenar
144
# reverse
give permission (r)
dar permiso
145
# reverse
to be pleasing to (e)
gustar
145
# reverse
to love (e)
encantar
145
# reverse
to bother, to get upset (e)
molestar
146
# reverse
to excite, to thrill (e)
emocionar(se)
146
# reverse
to be happy (e)
alegrar(se)
146
# reverse
to feel happy (e)
to feel bad (e)
to feel bad (e)
sentir(se) feliz
sentir(se) mal
sentir(se) triste...
147
# reverse
it may be that (d)
puede ser que
147
# reverse
it may not be that (d)
no puede ser que
148
# reverse
maybe (d)
a lo mejor
148
# reverse
possibly (d)
posiblemente
149
# reverse
it is fundamental (i.e)
es fundamental
149
# reverse
it is good/bad (i.e)
es bueno/malo
149
# reverse
it is urgent (i.e)
es urgente
149
# reverse
it is surprising (i.e)
es sorprendente
149
# reverse
it is not certain (i.e)
no es cierto
149
# reverse
it is necesary (i.e)
es preciso
149
# reverse
it is doubtful (i.e)
es dudoso
150
# reverse
it is better/worse (i.e)
es mejor/peor
150
# reverse
it is not safe (i.e)
no es seguro
150
# reverse
there is nobody that (antecedentes negativos)
no hay nadie que
150
# reverse
there is nothing that (antecedentes negativos)
no hay nada que
151
# reverse
I don't believe that anyone (antecedentes negativos)
no creo que nadie
151
# reverse
it doesn't exist that (antecedentes negativos)
no existe que
151
# reverse
there is no one that (antecedentes negativos)
no existe nadie que
152
# reverse
is there something that... (antcedentes indefinidos)
hay algo que
152
# reverse
is there anyone that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
Hay alguien que
153
# reverse
is there something that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
Hay algun cosa que
153
# reverse
is there a person that... (antecedentes indefinidos)
Hay alguna persona que
154
# reverse
in order that ( con expresiones de propósito)
a fin de que
155
# reverse
for the purpose that (con expresiones de propósito)
con la finalidad de que
155
# reverse
in time for/with regard to (futuro eventual)
en cuanto
156
# reverse
before (con otras expresiones)
antes de que
156
# reverse
do not assume (d)
no suponer
156
# reverse
to deny, to refuse (d)
negar
