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Understanding EKG's > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

0
Q

Closed two layer sac that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

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1
Q

The atrioventricular groove that surrounds the outside of the heart and divides the atria from the ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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2
Q

Inflammation of serous pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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3
Q

The smooth outer surface of the heart

A

Epicardium

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4
Q

The thick layer of the heart composed primarily of cardiac muscle cells and responsible for the hearts ability to contract. Middle layer

A

Myocardium

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5
Q

The innermost layer of the heart; composed of thin connective tissue

A

Endocardium

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6
Q

Valve with three cusps located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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7
Q

Fine chords of dense tissue that attach to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricles

A

Chordae tendineae

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8
Q

Valve with two cusps located between the left atria and left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

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9
Q

Serve to prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles, each valve contains three cusps

A

Semilunar valves

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10
Q

Semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonic valve

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11
Q

Semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the trunk of the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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12
Q

Thick walled and muscular blood vessels that function under high pressure to convey blood from the heart out to the body

A

Arteries

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13
Q

The two main arteries that arise from the trunk of the aorta and function to carry oxygenated blood throughout the myocardium

A

Coronary arteries

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14
Q

The process by which oxygenated blood is distributed throughout the heart muscle

A

Coronary circulation

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15
Q

A short trunk that serves to receive deoxygenated blood from the veins of the myocardium

A

Coronary sinus

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16
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, operate under low pressure, and are relatively thin walled

A

Veins

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17
Q

Drains blood from the head and neck

A

Superior vena cava

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18
Q

Collects blood from the rest of the body

A

Inferior vena cava

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19
Q

Tiny blood vessels that allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products

A

Capillaries

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20
Q

Movement through a course that leads back to the initial point

A

Circulation

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21
Q

When blood leaves through the right ventricle and travels into the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary circulation

22
Q

Arteries that leave the right ventricle to the lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

23
Q

Refers to gas exchange within the alveolar capillary membranes in the lungs

A

Tissue perfusion

24
Q

The circulation of blood as it leaves the left ventricle and travels through the arteries, and veins of the entire body system and back to the primary receptacle of the heart (right atrium)

A

Systemic circulation

25
Q

Blood flows through the heart

A

Right atrium, through tricuspid valve, into right ventricle, through pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary alveolar capillary network, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve

26
Q

The actual time sequence between ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation

A

Cardiac cycle

27
Q

Consistent with the simultaneous contraction of the ventricles

A

Systole, or ventricular systole

28
Q

Synonymous with ventricular relaxation

A

Diastole

29
Q

The volume of blood pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single contraction

A

Stroke volume

30
Q

The number of contractions of the heart per minute

A

Heart rate

31
Q

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac output

32
Q

Cardiac output =

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

33
Q

The pressure in the ventricles at the end of diastole

A

Preload

34
Q

The resistance against which the heart must pump

A

After load

35
Q

The more the myocardial fibers are stretched, up to a certain point, the more forceful the subsequent contraction will be

A

Starling’s law of the heart

36
Q

The amount of opposition to blood flow offered by the arteries

A

Peripheral vascular resistance

37
Q

Blood pressure=

A

Cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance

38
Q

Regulates functions of the body that are involuntary, or not under conscious control

A

Autonomic nervous system

39
Q

Congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, or shock may be indicated by signs?

A

Shortness of breath, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, chest pain, cool and clammy skin

40
Q

Responsible for preparation of the body for physical activity

A

Sympathetic nervous system

41
Q

Regulates the calmer functions

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

42
Q

The chemical neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system

A

Norepinephrine

43
Q

The chemical neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

Pertaining to the sympathetic nerve fibers of the ANS that use epinephrine or epinephrine like substances (norepinephrine) as Neurotransmitters

A

Adrenergic

45
Q

Reactive site on cell surface or within the cell that combines with drug molecule to produce a physiological effect

A

Receptor

46
Q

Pertaining to the parasympathetic nerve fibers in the ANS that use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter

A

Cholinergic

47
Q

Alpha receptors

A

Vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure

48
Q

Beta 1 receptors

A

Increase heart rate and increase contractility

49
Q

Beta 2 receptors

A

Bronchial dilation, and vasodilation

50
Q

The heart is affected by what receptors

A

Alpha, and Beta 1

51
Q

The lungs are affected by what receptors

A

Beta 2

52
Q

Vessels are affected by what receptors

A

Alpha and Beta 2

Understanding EKG's (12 decks)

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