Chapter 13 Flashcards
Profuse sweating
Diaphoresis
The most common presenting symptom of cardiac disease, as well as the most common complaint by patients
Chest pain
Inability to perceive pain due to diseases of the nerves
Neuropathy
Pain that results from a reduction in blood supply to myocardial tissue
Angina pectoris
Narrowed coronary arterial walls, secondary to fatty deposits
Atherosclerosis
A particular activity may elicit chest pain
Stable, or predictable angina
Pain not elicited by activity that most commonly occurs while the patient is at rest
Unstable angina
Form of angina that can occur when the coronary arteries experience spasms and constrict
Prinzmetal’s angina or vasospastic angina
Causes dilation of the blood vessels that consequently reduces the workload of the heart
Nitroglycerin
Results from a prolonged lack of blood flow to a portion of the myocardial tissue and results in a lack of oxygen
Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
The most common cause of myocardial infarction, resulting in blockage of the coronary artery
Thrombus formation
The most important drug that any patient with chest pain can receive
Oxygen
The inability of the myocardium to meet the cardiac output demands of the body
Heart failure
When the patients left ventricle ceases to function in an adequate capacity to sustain sufficient systemic cardiac output
Left ventricular failure
Backup of blood in the pulmonary system that causes plasma to mix with and displace alveolar air
Pulmonary edema
Low oxygen level
Hypoxia
When the right ventricle ceases to function properly, causing an increase in pressure within the right atrium, thus forcing the blood backward into the systemic venous system
Right heart failure
When the hearts stroke volume becomes severely diminished and causes an overload of fluid in the systemic tissues
Congestive heart failure
Labored breathing
Dyspnea
An excess accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac
Cardiac tamponade
The outermost layer of the heart, potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium holds a small amount of pericardial fluid
Pericardium
Muffled heart sounds, JVD, narrowing pulse pressure
Becks triad
Evidenced by a systolic blood pressure that drops more than 10 to 15 mmHg during inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus
When left ventricular function is so severely compromised that the heart can no longer meet the metabolic requirements of the body. Pulmonary edema with hypotension
Cardiogenic shock
Decreased blood volume
Hypovolemia
