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Cardiac > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

what is electrocardiogram?

A

it is a graphic recording from the body surface of the electrical currents generated by the heart

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2
Q

what are arrhythmias?

A

they are abnormalities in the heart’s electrical activity

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3
Q

what does the cardiac conduction system responsible for?

A

the cardiac conduction system is responsible for initiating and transmitting the electrical impulse that causes the heart to contract

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4
Q

where is the sinoatrial node ( sinus node) located?

A

the sinoatrial node locates in the rt atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava also known as the heart’s normal pacemaker.

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5
Q

how many sinoatrial nodes discharges electrical impulses per minute?

A

60-100 times per minute

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6
Q

where is the atrioventricular node located?

A

it is located on the rt side of the heart. beneath the surface of the interventricular septum

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7
Q

what does the atrioventricular node also know as?

A

AV junctional tissue

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8
Q

how many impulses does the atrioventricular node discharge?

A

40-60 impulse per minute

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9
Q

where is the atrioventricular bundle located?

A

a band of nerve fibers that original at the AV node then passes along the interventricular septum to the ventricles

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10
Q

what does the atrioventricular bundle also known as?

A

BUNDLE of HIS

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11
Q

what are bundle branches?

A

bundle branches are continuation of the bundle of HIS they proceed along the rt and lt sides of the interventricular septum to the tip of the two ventricle

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12
Q

What is Purkinje fiber?

A

Purkinje fiber are tree-like branches of the rt and lt bundles extending across ventricular wall

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13
Q

how many electrical impulses do the Purkinje fibers discharge?

A

20-40 impulse per minute

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14
Q

how the electrical conduction system of the heart work?

A

sinoatrial node (SA) -> atrioventricular node (AV) -> bundle of HIS -> lt and rt bundle -> purkinje fibers

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15
Q

what is the P wave?

A

atrial depolarization causes atrial contraction

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16
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

start of P wave to start of QRS

17
Q

what does the PR segment represent?

A

end of P-wave to start of QRS

18
Q

what does QRS complex present?

A

ventricular depolarization causes ventricular contraction

19
Q

what does the ST segment present?

A

end of QRS to the beginning of T wave

20
Q

what does the QT interval present?

A

start of QRS complex to end of T wave

21
Q

what does T wave present?

A

ventricular repolarization causes ventricular relaxation

22
Q

what is cardiac cycle?

A

the events and time between one heartbeat and the next successive heartbeat

23
Q

what is systole?

A

the period of ventricular contraction

24
Q

what is diastole?

A

the period of ventricular relaxation

25
Q

what is end-diastole volume?

A

the quantity of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole about 150 ml in adults

26
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle over a 1 minute interval

27
Q

what is the stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood ejected in a single beat. normal in adult stroke volume 80-100ml

28
Q

stroke volume formula

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

29
Q

what is ejection fraction?

A

the fraction of the total ventricular filling volume that is ejected during each ventricular contraction

30
Q

ejection fraction fomula

A

(end diastolic - end systolic) / ( end diastolic - background)

31
Q

what is normal ejection fraction in LV?

A

50-75%

32
Q

what is normal ejection fraction in RV?

A

35-50%

33
Q

What is normal adult resting heart rate?

A

60-100 beats per minute (BPM)

34
Q

what is normal adult stress or exercising heart rate?

A

140 bpm or more

35
Q

what is normal wave form EKG is called?

A

sinus rhythm

36
Q

what is sinus tachycardia?

A

rapid heart rate with 100-150 bpm, average 125bpm

37
Q

what is sinus bradycardia?

A

abnormally slow hear beat

38
Q

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Abnormal increase in the thickness of myocardium due to either a congenital abnormality or prolonged hypertension

39
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

reduced ability of the myocardium to contract effectively, despite having sufficient blood supply

Cardiac (13 decks)

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