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Cardiac > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how much does the heart weigh? and how much volume of blood is in the heart?

A

300 grams
500 ml blood

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2
Q

how many layers in the heart?

A

3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

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3
Q

what is the function of each layer? epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

A
  • Epicardium: outer layer protect the heart and includes blood, lymph capillaries, and nerve fiber
  • Myocardium: thick tissue that lines the walls of the heart chamber and forces blood out of the heart chambers
  • Endocardium: a thin delicate layer of cells that lines the heart chambers and heart valves, contain cardiac muscle fibers called Purkinje fibers
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4
Q

what are the valves in the heart?

A
  • Bicuspid(mitral valve)
  • Pulmonary vale
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Aortic valve
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5
Q

which valves are atrioventricular valves?

A

tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid valve)

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6
Q

which valve is the semilunar valve?

A

the aortic valve and pulmonary valve

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7
Q

which valve is between rt atrium and rt ventricle?

A

Bicuspid (mitral valve)

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8
Q

which valve is between rt ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

A

pulmonary valve

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9
Q

which valve is between lt atrium and lt ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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10
Q

The flow of blood through the heart?

A

superior and inferior Vena Cava -> rt atrium -> rt ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary vein ->lt atrium -> lt ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body

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11
Q

how many layers do the arteries have?

A

3 layers
- Inner layer - endothelium
- Middle layer
- Outer layer

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12
Q

where does the left anterior descending artery (LAD) supply blood?

A

To the anterior surfaces of the left and right ventricles, the anterior portion of the septum and the apex

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13
Q

Where does the left circumflex artery (LCX) supply blood?

A

To the lateral wall,the left atrium, and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Half of diaphragmatic surface left ventricle

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14
Q

Where does the right coronary artery (RCA) supply blood?

A

to the right ventricle and atrium, the posterior part of the interventricular septum, most of the inferior wall of the left ventricle,

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15
Q

where does the posterior descending artery (PDA) supply blood?

A

to the posterior right ventricle wall

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16
Q

which problem caused coronary artery disease (CAD)?

A

caused by an accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques

17
Q

What does atherosclerotic plaques process?

A

a process in which fatty substances are build in the walls of the medium and large diameter arteries make the heart lose elasticity

18
Q

Risk Factor of coronary Artery disease?

A
  1. high cholesterol
  2. smoking
  3. diabetes
  4. sedentary lifestyle
    5 male gender
    6 high blood pressure
    7 females after menopause
    8 type A personalities
    9 obesity
    10 family history
19
Q

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease?

A

asymptomatic in early stages
myocardial infarction
angina pectoris

20
Q

Manifestation of CAD?

A
  • coronary artery reserve: increase blood flow
  • collateral circulation: an adaptation to ischemia
  • coronary steal phenomenon: decrease in the pressure drops in the artery
21
Q

what is hibernating myocardium?

A

that is subjected to chronic ischemia.
decrease in the force of contraction
reduced supply of oxygen
blood flow decreases
contractile function decrease

22
Q

what is stunned myocardium?

A

it is post-ischemic dysfunction that persists after normal blood flow has been restored. might returns to normal without medical intervention. blood flow is normal, contractile function is decreased. last days to weeks

23
Q

what is angina pectoris?

A

chest pain due to temporary lack of blood supply to the heart, may occur at rest. called unstable angina.

24
Q

what is myocardial infarction?

A

a portion of the heart dies as a result of inadequate blood supply

25
Q

Treatment option for CAD?

A

1 non-invasive treatment
2 Drugs
3 CABS -a coronary bypass graft
4 PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary
5 coronary atherectomy

26
Q

Drugs that can treatment for CAD

A
  • nitroglycerin: relax smooth muscle and causes muscle dilation
  • beta-blocker: decrease cardiac function and output
  • cholesterol-lowering drugs
  • clot-dissolving drugs
27
Q

what is the mechanical activity?

A

The function of the heart to pump oxygenated blood to body tissue in order to meet metabolic needs

28
Q

what is synchrony?

A

the mass of individual myocardial fibers that contract at coordinated, rhythmic intervals

29
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

when individual bundles of myocardial fiber contract and relax in a random

30
Q

what is ventricular tachycardia?

A

rapid heartbeat

Cardiac (13 decks)

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