Eisenhower 1953-60. DOMESTIC POLICY

Question 1

Brown VS Board of Education

Answer 1

Jim Crow= separate schools
schools claimed to be ‘separate but equal’ but black schools received less funding
Brown removed constitutional sanction for segregation
lack of enforcement- took a while
urban south- 70% desegregated
deep south- white resistance

Question 2

white resistance to desegregation of education

Answer 2

56-59 Virginia white schools closed rather than desegregate
labour unions financed to keep segregated schools
most southern politicians signed the southerners manifesto- opposing Brown
white citizens council defended segregation

Question 3

Bus Boycott

Answer 3

lasted 381 days and was peaceful
cause: Montgomery buses were segregated and due to bus drivers behaviour
white citizens council- arrested blacks and used violence to intimidate
Browder V gale ensured desegregation

Question 4

Browder V Gale

Answer 4

ensured desegregation after Rosa Parks and bus boycotting

Question 5

Little Rock

Answer 5

8 black sudents entered white high school, 1 later and alone Eckford
stopped by the national guard (sent by Faubus)
mobs abused the children and beat up black news reporters
Cooper V Aaron 1958 rules any laws keeping schools separate were unconstitutional
the media was important, images spread

Question 6

Cooper V Aaron

Answer 6

1958

rules any laws keeping schools separate were unconstitutional

Question 7

Emmett Till

Answer 7

14 year old black boys body found in river
the boy had spoken to a white woman then her brother and husband murdered him
Eisenhower DID’NT react

Question 8

Autherine Lucy

Answer 8

she took the university of Alabama to court to obtain admission as the 1st black student
later expelled 1956
Eisenhower DID’NT react

Question 9

Greensboro sit ins

Answer 9

Black students up to 5,000 sat in the ‘white areas’ in restaurant
eg- Woolworths
received abuse but continued peaceful protest
81 arrested

led to the beginning of the desegregation of Nashville

Question 10

civil rights bill

Answer 10

1957
the bill made it easier for blacks to vote
around 80% of southern blacks didn’t vote

Question 11

Construction boom

Answer 11

housing shortage in Truman era
13 million homes built between 1948-58
11 million in suburbs
Levitt brothers built houses costing around $8000
led to white flight and an increase in ghettoization

Question 12

baby boom

Answer 12

between 1946-1949
increase in ales of baby toys, food, nappies
late 50’s most became teenagers = an economic force
‘LIFE’ called them a $10 billion power

Question 13

easy credit

Answer 13

federal housing administration and veterans administration offered low interest loans - building boom
1950- the first credit card created by the diners club
private debt rose from $104 billion to $263 billion