Egg hygiene and poultry Flashcards
3 main legislation about egg production
-commission regulation 1234/2007 - salmonella
-commission regulation 617/2008 - implement marketing standards
-commission regulation 589/2008 - implement marketing
Who enforces legislation requirements for eggs ?
egg marketing inspectors in England and Wales
What is considered a class A egg ?
-shell and cuticle - normal shape, clean , no damage
-air space - no more 6mm
-yolk - visible as shadow on candling
What is considered a class B egg ?
-unfit human consumption
-positive salmonella enteritidis or typhimurium or if operator isn’t sampling under the national control plan
-damaged , unclean
In what two occasions can a egg be ungraded
-if have producer code
-if going from registered producers to the processor
What should be included in an egg code ?
-farming method
-country of origin
-farm ID
-quality standards - lion mark in uk
What does the lion mark symbolise ?
lying hens vaccinated against salmonella enteritidis
TRUE/FALSE eggs that are from flocks infected with salmonella can be treated to eliminate salmonella and used for human consumption
true
How to assess bird welfare ?
five freedoms
legislations that protect poultry
-European legislation
-animal welfare act
-welfare of farmed animals
-welfare of animals ( transport ) England order
-welfare of animals at time of killing ( WATOK)
TRUE/FALSE Broilers more susceptible to heat stress and dehydration
TRUE
TRUE/FALSE Ante-mortem inspection for poultry can be done on-farm or at slaughterhouse
true
Notifiable disease in poultry and signs
avian influenza
newcastle disease
-DOA, resp signs discoloured comb , wattle
What’s an animal welfare officers job poultry ?
-prioritise - slaughtered first
-any welfare needs - keep record of action
Different ways of stunning in poultry .
-electrical stunning
-controlled atmosphere ( gas )
Basic requirements of electrical stunning
-sufficient voltage
-electrode whole length of water bath
-heads must be completely immersed
How can you tell bird is appropriately stunned ?
-loss of nictitating reflex
-non rhythmic
- constant rapid body tremors
-wings held tight against body
Electro immobilisation
currents go through body and immobilise but not unconcious — can occur in electric stunning this means can be conscious when getting head chopped
Chilling , washing of carcass
-washed with potable water
-chilled 4 degrees
-maturation - 8-10 hr
When is PM carried out in poultry ?
-before evisceration
-after evisceration
What is the duty of OV - PM ?
-daily inspection of viscera - representative sample of birds
-detailed inspection of random samples declared unfit for human consumption
EU broiler welfare directive
-legislation - minimum rules for protection of chickens kept for meat production
-look at cumulative mortality rate
-7 post mortem conditions - e.g ascites
7 post mortem conditions under EU broiler welfare directive to assess on-farm welfare problems .
-ascites
-cellulitis /dermatitis
-DOA
-emaciation
-joint lesions/arthritis
-septicaemia /respiratory
-total rejections
- if over a set percentage - will trigger action from APHA
Partial rejection in poultry
localised contamination
localised mechanical damage
condition where only part of carcass or single organ is affected
When is a pericarditis case totally rejected
-active ,severe
-secondary conditions present
-positive salmonella enteritidis or typhimurium in FCI
Total rejection in poultry
-no AM or FCI
-disease
-gross contamination -can’t trim
What factors make end of lay hens more susceptible to DOA ?
-poor feathering - reduced thermal tolerance
-vulnerable to cold and wet conditions
-prolonged pre-transport food withdrawl
Zoonotic diseases in poultry
-campylobacter
-salmonella
TRUE/FALSE national control programme asks for salmonella sampling/testing
true
