Effects of Training Part 1 W9

Question 1

What are the 2 key considerations when training and performing?

Answer 1

1) Source of energy
2) Fibres used for force production

Question 2

What is training effect specific too?

Answer 2

• Muscle fibres recruited during exercise
• Energy system involved (aerobic versus anaerobic)
• Velocity of contraction
• Type of contraction (eccentric, concentric, isometric)

Question 3

What training should you use to improve VO2max?

Answer 3

Large muscle group training
Dynamic activity

Perform:
20 to 60min
>3times per week
>50% VO2max

Question 4

What extent does VO2max improve with endurance training?

Answer 4

Average= 15 to 20%
Small= 2-3% (Athletes) (Require intensities >70% to see improvements)
Large= 50% (Novices)

Question 5

In sedentary adults, what is the extent of heritability on VO2max?

Answer 5

Determines approximately 50% of VO2max

Question 6

Why is there differences in VO2max between individuals?

Answer 6

Due to differences in SV max

Question 7

What is the differences in exercise-induced improvements in VO2max during short duration training and long duration training??

Answer 7

Short: Increase in SV dominant factor

Long: Both S and a-VO2

Question 8

How does training increase maximal stroke volume?

Answer 8

Increased:

Preload (EDV)
Venous return
Plasma volume
Ventricular volume

Question 9

How do you work out cardiac output?

Answer 9

Cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

Question 10

Why is submaximal heart rate constantly lower following training?

Answer 10

Due to increased stroke volume

Question 10

Why may maximum heart rate fall slightly when your already highly trained?

Answer 10

Intrinsic firing rate of SA node decreased

Question 11

What are the training induced increases arteriovenous O2 difference? (2)

Answer 11

1) Muscle blood flow increases
2) Improved ability of muscle fibres to extract and utilise O2 from the blood

Question 12

How does blood flow increase contribute to an increase in arteriovenous O2 difference?

Answer 12

Decreased SNS vasoconstriction
Increased diameter and compliance of arteries

Question 13

How does improved ability of muscle fibres to extract and utilise O2 from the blood contribute to an increase in arteriovenous O2 difference?

Answer 13

Increased capillary density
Increased mitochondrial number/volume

Question 14

Is blood flow higher in submaximal exercise and maximal exercise?

Answer 14

Maximal

Question 15

Why is blood flow lower in muscles during submaximal exercise?

Answer 15

Due to the A-V difference greater (better oxygen extraction)