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PE > Effects of exercise > Flashcards

Effects of exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What does warming up do to the muscles?

A

Slowly increase elasticity of the muscles which can prevent injury.

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2
Q

What does cooling down do to the muscles?

A

It disperses lactic acid which prevents soreness and aches

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3
Q

Who and why should you check equipment and facilities?

A

organisers, officials and participants should all check their equipment and the facility to ensure they are in good conditions and that the facility is secure and safe to prevent injury.

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4
Q

Why is wearing the correct footwear important in sport?

A

for grip and to take pressure of joints

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5
Q

Why shouldn’t you wear jewellery?

A

it could injure you and others.

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6
Q

What protective clothing should you wear?

A

It depends on the sport, but what ever you wear should protect you and not be able to harm you or anyone around you.

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7
Q

What drugs are socially acceptable

A

those prescribed by a doctor to treat medical conditions

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8
Q

What drugs are socially unacceptable?

A 
illegal drugs such as:
heroin
ecstacy
cocaine
LSD
amphetamines
barbiturates
cannabis
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9
Q

What are 5 things that could change whether a competition is balanced or not?

A 
weight
sex
rules
physical readiness
your ability
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10
Q

Why do some sports have weight categories?

A

When safety is a risk.

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11
Q

Why do some sports have a handicap system?

A

So you compete with other people who are near enough equal ability to you.

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12
Q

Why are some sports only played separately but different sexes?

A

if the sport is contact or depends on strength.

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13
Q

Why are rule important?

A

to ensure safe competition

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14
Q

Why is physical readiness important?

A

Any one who’s going to start exercise should complete a PAR-Q and a medical examination is advisable so that they are less likely to do damage to themselves.

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15
Q

What are the two main functions of blood being pushed around the body?

A

1) to supply the blood with oxygen and nutrients

2) to remove waste products such as CO2

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16
Q

What is an immediate effect of exercise on the body?

A

An increased heart rate

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17
Q

Why does the HR increase during exercise?

A

Your muscles need more oxygen and nutrients to function properly which is carried by the blood so the heart has to beat faster so that the muscles can function properly.

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18
Q

What does a change in HR release?

A

adrenaline

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19
Q

What is the heart rate (HR)?

A

the number of times the heart beats per minute

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20
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels

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21
Q

What is adrenaline

A

A hormone

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22
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

Makes the heart beat faster
causes haemoglobin to be release by the liver
causes blood to be diverted away from organs to msucles

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23
Q

How many beating sounds does the heart make?

A

2

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24
Q

What is the first beat that the heart makes?

A

It’s called the systole

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25
Q

What is the systole

A

it’s the first beat the heart makes and is made by the lower chambers pushing blood at a high pressure into the arteries. The actual sounds is caused by the heart valves closing.

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26
Q

What is the second beating sound that the heart makes called?

A

The diastole

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27
Q

What is the diastole made by?

A

It’s made by the upper chambers contracting and pushing blood down into the lower chambers.

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28
Q

Why does the beating sound of the heart get louder during exercise?

A

As a result of increased blood pressure.

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29
Q

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

A

because more blood is pumped around the body, increasing the blood pressure in the blood vessels. Blood pressure is used to measure systolic and diastolic pressure.

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30
Q

What is systolic heart pressure?

A

The maximum pressure un the arteries when the heart contracts and pushes blood through the aorta and the body.

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31
Q

When does systolic heart pressure rise?

A

During excitement or activity.

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32
Q

Why does systolic heart pressure rise in excitement or activity?

A

Because more blood is needed.

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33
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

the pressure of the blood during the relaxation stage between beats (when the heart is at rest)

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34
Q

What does the diastolic blood pressure mainly depend on?

A

the elasticity of the arteries and the quality of vessels.

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35
Q

What is the pulse pressure?

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

36
Q

What is the systolic blood pressure usually above?

A

140mmHg

37
Q

What is the diastolic blood pressure usually above?

A

85mmHg

38
Q

What is the pulse pressure usually above?

A

Above 50 or below 30

39
Q

What are 4 immediate physical effects of exercise on the body?

A

Breathing becomes faster and deeper
Body temperature increases
Sweating starts and the body requires fluids
muscles begin to aches

40
Q

Why does breathing become faster and deeper during exercise?

A

so oxygen can be supplied to the lungs

41
Q

Why does the body temperature increase during exercise?

A

as muscles work, they generate heat.

42
Q

How is body heat regulated?

A

By shivering and sweating

43
Q

Why does your body require fluids when it sweats?

A

As the sweat leaves the body, your body temperature decreases and you also loose salts through sweating which can cause you to urinate, collapse or faint. To prevent this you need to replenish water and salts through your body through drinking.

44
Q

What do muscles need?

A

energy

oxygen

45
Q

What is energy from food converted in to?

A

glucose

46
Q

How does glucose and oxygen get to muscles?

A

It is carried there by blood

47
Q

What is the process of getting energy called?

A

respiration

48
Q

What happens when the muscles are working harder to they need more glucose and oxygen?

A

The blood flow increases, the blood vessels narrow and the blood pressure raises and eventually it becomes impossible for the muscles to get enough oxygen so they use a different process of getting energy called anaerobic respiration.

49
Q

What is produced during anaerobic respiration?

A

lactic acid

50
Q

Why does lactic acid build up in the muscles

A

because of poor training

because of a deletion of glucose stores

51
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

Makes muscles ache

52
Q

What must athletes do to get ride of lactic acid?

A

rest while the blood brings fresh oxygen and supplies

53
Q

What are 3 effects of regular exercise on the CV system?

A

Decreased resting heart rate
heart recovery rate become quicker
increase stroke volume

54
Q

What does a resting heart rate give an indication of

A

fitness

55
Q

Why does resting heart rate give an indication of fitness?

A

because the more you train, the stronger and bigger your heart gets so it can supply the same amount of blood in fewer pumps. So a fitter person’s heart is more efficient.

56
Q

What is heart recovery rate?

A

the speed at which the heart returns to normal after exercise.

57
Q

What’s a long term benefit of exercise?

A

A faster heart recovery rate

58
Q

What is a stroke volume?

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart in each pump.

59
Q

What will increase the stroke volume?

A

If a person exercises regularly

60
Q

What is a cardiac output?

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

61
Q

What is the cardiac output governed by?

A

The stroke volume and the heart/pulse rate which both change if the person participates in exercise.

62
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x Heart Rate

63
Q

What What 6 things can affect your blood pressure?

A 
Sex
Age
Weight
How much exercise you do
muscular development
atltitude
64
Q

What does fitness do to the number of capillaries within the heart muscle?

A

The fitter you are, the more capillaries there are within the heart muscle.

65
Q

What’s a long term benefit of exercise if you get a heart attack?

A

If you are fit, your blood vessel is less likely to be damaged than if you are unfit.

66
Q

What causes the most deaths in the developed world?

A

Conrad Heart Disease (CHD)

67
Q

What can cause canary heart disease (CHD) ?

A 
Hereditary
infections
narrowing of conary arteries
high blood pressure
smoking
68
Q

What is the most common form of canary heart disease in the UK?

A

atherosclerosis

69
Q

How do you get atherosclerosis?

A

it’s caused by a build up of fat and cholesterol on the inside walls of the arteries

70
Q

What are symptoms of people with atherosclerosis?

A

short of breath

may get chest pains called angina

71
Q

What does atherosclerosis cause?

A

increase in blood pressure resulting from narrow arteries which impedes blood flow which can lead to a heart attack

72
Q

What does rest allow the heart to do?

A

grow

73
Q

What two forms are cholesterol carried in?

A

High density lipids (HDL)

Low density lipoproteins (LDL)

74
Q

What are high density lipids (HDL)?

A

they contain more protein than fat

‘Good cholesterol’

75
Q

What do high density lipids do?

A

carry cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver where it removes it from the body.

76
Q

Where do you find high density lipids (HDL)?

A

fruit
veg
whole grains

77
Q

What are 4 factors which have a negative effect on the CV system?

A

high cholesterol
recreational drugs
sedentary lifestlye (lack of exercise (hypo kinetic disease))
stress

78
Q

What are low density lipids (LDL)?

A

consists of mainly fats

known as bad cholesterol

79
Q

What can low density lipids (LDL) do?

A

build up plaque which can restrict blood flow in the arteries. Blockages in blood vessels can mean that the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body, resulting in an increase of blood pressure.

80
Q

How do recreational drugs raise blood pressure?

A

they release adrenaline and adrenaline narrows the arteries and causes the heart to beat faster.

81
Q

Why is tobacco make a major risk factor of heart disease

A

it lowers HDL and increases the chances of a blood clot which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

82
Q

How could alcohol in moderation be a positive thing?

A

It is though to increase HDL and in the long term lower blood pressure.

83
Q

What do some people take to control their blood pressure?

A

prescription drugs

84
Q

How can sedentary living have a negative effect on the CV system?

A

it means that the CV system does not receive the benefits of exercise which increases the rate of obesity.

85
Q

How can stress over time increase the risk of CV disease>

A

stress over a long period of time can lead to an increase in blood pressure and elevated heart rate and can also lead to depression and mood swings.

86
Q

How can CV exercise reduce risks of CV related problems?

A

heart muscles increases
chambers volume increase
heart is able to work harder for longer
it has a long term benefit

PE (8 decks)

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