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PE > Body systems > Flashcards

Body systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does an efficient respiratory system do?

A

it allows more oxygen to reach the blood and consequently the muscles.

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2
Q

How does the respiratory system work?

A

You breath and the intercostal muscles contract and lift the chest upwards and outwards while the diaphragm tightens and lowers.
These actions open ups the lungs and create a vacuum inside so that the air (with oxygen) can rush through the nose and mouth where it is warmed, moistened and filtered.
The air then passes through the trachea and one of the two bronchi into the left or right lung. After passing through many bronchioles is arrives in the alveoli sacs which are surrounded by capillaries. Here oxygen in the alveoli is transported into the blood and around the body.

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3
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

to bring oxygen into the body and to take CO2 out of the body

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4
Q

What percentage on inhaled and exhaled are in oxygen and CO2?

A

Inhaled- 20% O2 and 0.04% CO2

Exhaled- 16% O2 and 4% CO2

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5
Q

What are tidal volume and vital capacity?

A

Two measurements while help to estimate the efficiency of the respiratory system

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6
Q

Define tidal volume

A

amount of air inspired and expired which each normal breath at rest or during exercise

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7
Q

Define vital capacity

A

greatest amount of air that can be made to pass into and out of the lungs. Normally about 4-5 litres.

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8
Q

Immediate effects of exercise on the respiratory system

A

oxygen debt (the extra oxygen consumed during recovery from a period of strenuous physical activity compared with the amount which would usually have been consumed over the same length of time at rest).

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9
Q

Long term effects of exercise of the respiratory system

A

improved efficiency of lungs
vital capacity increased
more alveoli become available for gaseous exchange
after regular exercise more oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more CO2 taken from the so the aerobic capacity is increased.
Increased number of blood vessels so more oxygen can get into the blood and through the muscles.

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10
Q

How does smoke damage the lungs?

A

it makes the alveoli less stretchy, so less efficient so it becomes harder to get oxygen in and CO2 out and smokers may become short of breath. Their hearts have to work harder to get the oxygen out of their body and consequently they feel tired.

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11
Q

What do muscles do

A

define body shape
maintain posture
aid movement

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12
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

This describes all of the muscles in the muscular system and how they work together.

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13
Q

What are voluntary muscles?

A

muscles that can be controlled and can bring about movement.

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14
Q

What are voluntary muscles used for?

A

Every day life, exercise and sports.

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15
Q

How can you improve voluntary muscles?

A

You can train them to be stronger, more flexible and increase the range of movements at joints.

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16
Q

What are muscles attached to the bones by?

A

tendons.

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17
Q

what are muscles made up of?

A

many cells and muscle fibres.

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18
Q

Why can muscles not do?

A

push.

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19
Q

What happens to voluntary muscles when they contract?

A

they get shorter and thicker.

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20
Q

What are muscles arranged in?

A

antagonistic pairs.

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21
Q

What is the muscles in the front of your upper arm called?

A

bicep.

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22
Q

What are the muscles in your core called?

A

abdominals.

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23
Q

What are muscles in your chest called?

A

pectorals.

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24
Q

What are the muscles in your upper leg called?

A

quadriceps.

25
Q

What is the muscle in the back of your neck called?

A

the Trapezius.

26
Q

What is the muscle in the shoulder called?

A

The deltoids.

27
Q

What is the muscle in the back called?

A

the Lattisimus Dorsi.

28
Q

What are the muscles in your bottom called?

A

Gluteals

29
Q

What are the muscles in the back of your thigh called?

A

Hamstings.

30
Q

What are the muscles in the back of your lower leg called?

A

Glastrocemius.

31
Q

What do the deltoids do?

A

Give a rounded shape to the shoulder
powerful muscles that takes the upper arm away from the body
mainly responsible for lifting the arms above the head

32
Q

How can you improve your deltoid muscles?

A

By doing the bent over rowing exercise or military press.

33
Q

What does the trapezius muscle attach?

A

top of the neck and the shoulder.

34
Q

What are three functions of the trapezius?

A

lift the shoulder
brace the shoulder back
rotate scapula

35
Q

What is an indication of having weak deltoids?

A

drooping shoulders.

36
Q

How can you improve your deltoids?

A

rowing

shoulder shrugs with weights

37
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi?

A

a broad sheet of muscle which extends from the lower region of the spine to the humerus (bone in upper arm).

38
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

brings the arms forwards from the body and rotates them to move them back.

39
Q

How do you improve your latissimus doors muscles?

A

lat pull downs and pull ups.

40
Q

What do the pectoral muscles do?

A

Powerful muscles that brings the arm towards the body.

41
Q

What are the pectoral muscles important for?

A

front crawl and butterfly stroke.

42
Q

How do you improve your pectoral muscles?

A

bench press.

43
Q

What do the abdominal muscles do?

A

Hold your stomach in.

44
Q

How do you strengthen the abdominal muscles?

A

sit ups and crunches.

45
Q

Name an antagonistic pair of muscles.

A

biceps and triceps.

46
Q

How can you strengthen your biceps?

A

barbell/dumbell curls or preacher curls

47
Q

How can you strengthen your triceps?

A

chin ups parallel bar dips.

48
Q

What are the muscles called in the back of your upper arms?

A

Triceps.

49
Q

What is the largest part of the gluteal muscles?

A

gluteus maximus.

50
Q

What’s the gluteus maximus?

A

it lies just beneath the skin and is attactched to the femur (thigh bones-largest bone in the body).
It’s function is to pull the leg backwards (extension).

51
Q

What could the gluteus maximus cause if it is underdeveloped?

A

poor posture

52
Q

How can you improve the gluteas maximus?

A

squats
leg press
lunges

53
Q

Where do the hamstrings go from?

A

back of the leg and stretch to the bottom part of the pelvis to the tibia (shin bone).

54
Q

What do the hamstrings do to the knee tendons?

A

It flexes them.

55
Q

What must you make sure to do to hamstrings before partaking in exercise?

A

warm them up properly.

56
Q

What can you do to stenghten hamstrings?

A

Leg Curls.

57
Q

What two muscles is the calf made up of?

A

the gastrocnemius and soles muscles.

58
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius and soles stretch from?

A

It starts at the back of the femur and the soles at the back of the tibia and tibia. They then come together to form the Achilles tendon which can be seen at the back of the ankles.

59
Q

What is the function of the gastrocnemius?

A

to point toes (plantar flex) away from the foot which results in a slight spring in the step.

PE (8 decks)

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