Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VMCB121 (2nd Lab Exam) > Effects of Environment on Microorganisms > Flashcards

Effects of Environment on Microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

Each organism has a ____ within which growth is possible, and most have well defined _____

A
  • pH range
  • pH optima
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most natural environments have pH values between ______, and most organisms have pH optima in this range.

A

5 to 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Very few species can grow at pH values ____ or _____

A
  • below 2
  • above 10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The very few species that can grow at pH values below 2 or above 10.

A
  • Acidophiles
  • Alkaliphiles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

As temperature rises, chemical and enzymatic reactions proceed at a _____ rate, and the growth rate ____

A
  • faster
  • increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Above a certain temperature, _____ are irreversibly damaged.

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Above a certain temperature, proteins are?

A

irreversibly damaged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

As temperature is increased within a certain range therefore, growth and metabolic activity increases up to a point where _____ set in

A

inactivation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As temperature is increased within a certain range therefore, _____ and _______ increases up to a point where inactivation reactions set in

A
  • growth
  • metabolic activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Above this temperature, cell functions fall sharply to?

A

zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Above this temperature, they fall sharply to zero.

A

Cell functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temperature classes of microorganisms

A
  1. Psychrophiles
  2. Mesophiles
  3. Thermophiles
  4. Hyperthermophiles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

They have low temperature optima.

A

Psychrophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These have midrange temperature optima.

A

Mesophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These have high temperature optima.

A

Thermophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These have very high temperature optima

A

Hyperthermophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Temperature growth rate range of Psychrophiles.

A

0 to 20 degrees Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Temperature growth rate range of Mesophiles.

A

15 to 45 degrees celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temperature growth rate range of Thermophiles.

A

40 to 70 degrees Celsius

20
Q

Temperature growth rate range of Hyperthermophiles like Thermococcus celer.

A

65 - 95 degrees Celsius

21
Q

Temperature growth rate range of Hyperthermophiles like Pyrodictium brockli.

A

80 to 120 degrees celsius

22
Q

Example of Pyschrophile.

A

Flavobacterium sp.

23
Q

Flavobacterium is an example of what class of microorganism based on temperature?

A

Psychrophiles

24
Q

Example of Thermophile.

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

25
Q

Bacillus stearothermophilus is an example of what class of microorganism based on temperature?

A

Thermophiles

26
Q

Examples of Hyperthermophiles

A
  • Thermococcus celer
  • Pyrodictium brockli
27
Q

Classes of microbes in terms of oxygen needs and tolerance.

A
  1. Aerobes
  2. Microaerophiles
  3. Facultative organisms
  4. Anaerobes
28
Q

They are capable of growing at full oxygen tension, and many can tolerate elevated levels of oxygen (greater than 21 %)

A

Aerobes

29
Q

Aerobes can tolerate elevated levels of oxygen (greater than ___)

A

greater than 21%

30
Q

They are aerobes that can use oxygen only if it is present at reduced levels in air.

A

Microaerophiles

31
Q

They are those that under appropriate nutrient and culture conditions can grow in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

A

Facultative organisms

32
Q

They are those organisms that lack respiratory systems and thus cannot use oxygen as the final electron acceptor,

A

Anaerobes

33
Q

2 Types of Anaerobes

A
  1. Aerotolerant anaerobes
  2. Obligate anaerobes
34
Q

They are those organisms which can tolerate oxygen and grow in its presence even though they cannot use it.

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

35
Q

They are types of anaerobes that are killed by oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

36
Q

They are unable to detoxify some of the byproducts of oxygen metabolism.

A

Obligate anaerobes

37
Q

They have enzymes that decompose toxic oxygen products.

A

Aerobes

38
Q

They lack enzymes that decompose toxic oxygen products.

A

Anaerobes

39
Q

Methods for determining oxygen need/tolerance

A
  1. Shake culture
  2. Paraffin-plug technique
  3. Thioglycollate medium thioglycollate
  4. O-F test
40
Q

A method for isolating anaerobic bacteria by shaking a deep liquid culture of an agar or gelatin to distribute the inoculum before solidification of the medium.

A

Shake culture

41
Q

A method of isolating anaerobic bacteria by oxygen deprivation.

A

Paraffin-plug technique

42
Q

It is for isolation of strict anaerobes.

A

Thioglycollate medium thioglycollate

43
Q

Its oxygen levels throughout the media is reduced, which is inversely proportional to the distance from the surface (from reaction with it)

A

Thioglycollate medium thioglycollate

44
Q

Oxidation/ Fermentation Test

A

O-F test

45
Q

It uses Bromothymol blue as pH indicator

A

O-F Test

VMCB121 (2nd Lab Exam) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions