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Getting Ready > Effective Police Supervision (Chapter Two) > Flashcards

Effective Police Supervision (Chapter Two) Flashcards

1
Q

As of 2009 it was estimated what percentage of the population were policed by agencies that practiced community policing?

A

81%

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2
Q

Office of Community Oriented Policing Services has distributed more than how many billion in the furtherance of expanding and enhancing community policing?

A

12 billion

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3
Q

As of 2009, nearly how many new officers had been hired by law enforcement agencies?

A

110,000

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4
Q

Community policing is viewed as what?

A

all encompassing philosophy and managerial strategy

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5
Q

What is essential to community policing?

A

citizen involvement

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6
Q

Police and residents working together allows for what with the goal of resolving issues of concern?

A

identifying and prioritizing contemporary problems

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7
Q

What traditional approaches to policing are proven to be limited and with nonlasting value?

A

neighborhood saturation with intensive patrol activities

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8
Q

To address community problems what must be accomplished?

A

identifying community attitudes and values, dealing with the personalities of participants and key decision makers, addressing problems with an open mind, dealing with varying preferences of those involved

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9
Q

Evidence shows that what type of organizations have proven to be effective in developing a viable and continuing partnership?

A

local organizations

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10
Q

Does everyone need to be trained in the nuances of community policing and problem solving?

A

yes

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11
Q

What are some of the problems that arise when trying to implement and keep community policing in an organization?

A

transition of new leadership, new managers place their imprint on the organization, political commitment for succeeding administrations

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12
Q

About how many police and sheriff’s departments have a full time community policing unit?

A

two thirds

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13
Q

About how many local departments operated one or more community substations?

A

three quarters

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14
Q

Community policing at most requires what?

A

radical change, wherein some personnel work with the community determining the delivery system for police services and long term commitment

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15
Q

Research shows that what percentage of municipal police departments formed problem solving partnerships through MOU but in reality the majority of line personnel continued to perform traditional police services.

A

52%

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16
Q

When this is threatened it must be acknowledged when change is perceived as threatening autonomy or authority?

A

status

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17
Q

Change unless planned and implemented carefully introduces what?

A

uncertainty and ambiguity

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18
Q

What should be applied liberally throughout any change process?

A

training, coaching, and counseling

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19
Q

What is the definition of community policing?

A

a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime

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20
Q

What are the key elements of the definition of community policing?

A

development of a dynamic relationship with community partnerships, consideration of the most urgent needs of the community, utilization of community resource, application of problem solving process

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21
Q

Community policing is a procedure that allows for police to do what?

A

organize members of the community, coordinate activities, communicate with every concerned individual or organization

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22
Q

Community policing is a transitional process where the chief executive officer does what?

A

removes barriers that impede change, fostering the development of a culture in which actions contrary to traditional working methods are stimulated

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23
Q

Top management must due what?

A

articulate the values of community policing and communicate them to every level and everyone in the organization

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24
Q

What is required by everyone who has an interest in the community>

A

active participation

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25
Q

Who are the recipients of the significant shift in power in authority in community policing?

A

line officers and supervisors

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26
Q

Community policing initially consisted of three complementary core components. What are they?

A

community partnerships, organizational transformation, and problem solving

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27
Q

Positive relationships with the community have evolved in the quest to improve what?

A

quality of life, crime control, and engagement in preventive activities

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28
Q

What are the characteristics of officers and supervisors operating in a community policing program?

A

integrity, risk taking, originality, creativity, individuality, and problem solving

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29
Q

Responding to changing crime problems requires a type of response that demands what?

A

flexibility and critical reasoning from the organization and each officer

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30
Q

What is empowerment?

A

The deliberate decision of police executives to create organizational change that allows officers to operate within a frame of reference of self direction. Placing authority and responsibility at the lowest levels of the organziation.

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31
Q

Officers must balance what in community policing?

A

need to immediately and effectively respond to calls and developing innovative and proactive responses to community problems

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32
Q

Supervisors shouldn’t make decisions they should what? What is the goal?

A

coach, support, mediate, and help officers identify, plan, analyze, and solve community problems / to get line personnel to function independently

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33
Q

What is trust?

A

It is the sum and substance of leadership in an empowered organization

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34
Q

When empowerment occurs, community policing will what?

A

flourish

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35
Q

Why is empowerment rejected by some officers?

A

It comes with assumption of additional responsibilities and the concomitant (associated) risk

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36
Q

Training has to be consistent and the goal is to what?

A

create a working environment wherin what is taught in training permeates every aspect of day to day operations and the process becomes a win-win-win proposition

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37
Q

Above all first line supervisors must work at what?

A

understanding the needs and perceptions of the public

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38
Q

The first line supervisor takes center stage with what?

A

the introduction of community policing into a department

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39
Q

This envisions shared decision making, teamwork, creativity, and innovation.

A

quality supervision

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40
Q

The supervisor must personify what attributes if community policing is to succeed?

A

facilitator, coach, counselor, mentor, role model, communicator, and coordinator

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41
Q

Every action that a supervisor performs must be taken within what?

A

the context of complete honesty and integrity

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42
Q

This occurs when first line supervisors decipher management’s intentions and translate them into reality.

A

Quality supervision

43
Q

The supervisor is key to the implementation and operation of what?

A

positive community policing program

44
Q

A first line supervisor is a manager and operationally it is essential that the focus be shifted from traditional roles of being in charge to the role of what?

A

facilitator

45
Q

In functioning as a facilitator the supervisor will spend a large portion of his/her time doing what?

A

educating, informing, and assisting officers in understanding prioritizing, and resolving issues

46
Q

As a process facilitator, a supervisor must communicate how?

A

openly

47
Q

Building partnerships has several dimensions. What are they?

A

serving as a conduit (relaying information up the chain), explaining problems, and finding a means for resolving them.

48
Q

Under community policing it is necessary to reduce what between patrol and detectives?

A

isolation

49
Q

How can you reduce isolation between patrol and detectives?

A

assign detectives to a geographical area

50
Q

Although most departments have sworn community policing officers most officers within a department serve as what?

A

generalists who concentrate heavily on 911 calls

51
Q

In order for the community policing model to be a success it must be what?

A

institutionalized so it can flourish with unified responses

52
Q

Working with other government and community based organizations with a wide variety of resources needed to resolve identifiable community problems is what?

A

the basic doctrine of community policing

53
Q

What is essential to collaboration?

A

liaison and follow up activities

54
Q

Why is follow up critical in community policing?

A

it proves that something can happen when citizens complain

55
Q

Supervisors can reinforce the collaboration process of problem solving by doing what?

A

monitoring the efforts of police officers

56
Q

Working in partnerships with community members and organizations is an effective and productive way to address what?

A

neighborhood problems and needs

57
Q

Without give and take when establishing the guidelines of collaboration, partnerships will reflect the needs and concerns of who instead of the neighborhood partners?

A

police departments

58
Q

Nearly all agencies meet with community groups. What is the percentage break down?

A

89% neighborhood associations, 79% school groups, 69% business groups, local public agencies (62%), 59% senior citizen groups, 54% advocacy groups, 57% youth service organizations

59
Q

What are the two reasons to focus on those community groups that are organized?

A

a collective community is more likely to be sustained and successful , an organized effort is more likely to continue to exist after the problem is solved

60
Q

A key characteristic of the modern approach to policing is what?

A

a positive orientation to problem solving (viewing incidents from community perspective instead of just handling an incident, shifts from reactive to proactive response)

61
Q

Positive orientation to problem solving was initially described by who?

A

Herman Goldstein in the late 70s

62
Q

The central thesis of what is that underlying incidents that police respond to are more general problems that in order to be resolved require a different type of solution.

A

problem orientated policing

63
Q

While problem orientated policing theoretically can be conducted in the absence of what other policing method it is an excellent way of achieving that same policing method?

A

community policing

64
Q

Combining these two methods is a proactive philosophy that promotes the concept that incidents consuming patrol and investigative time can best be dealt with more effectively when consideration is give to underlying problems.

A

What is problem oriented policing and community oriented policing?

65
Q

What is the SARA model?

A

Approach to problem solving (Scanning, Analyze, Response, Assessment)

66
Q

What is identifying the problem, where problems are defined as a group of related or recurring incidents or a particular concern of the community? Additionally, it initiates the problem solving process.

A

Scanning (SARA Model)

67
Q

What is an in depth exploration of the problem and its underlying causes?

A

Analysis (SARA Model)

68
Q

What is implementing an analysis driven strategy to address the problem, focusing on factors identified in the analysis phase?

A

Response (SARA Model)

69
Q

What is the ongoing review of monitoring of the progress of the response in achieving its objectives?

A

Assessment (SARA Model)

70
Q

What are the objectives of the scanning process?

A

looking for problems, initial identification of problems, initial analysis to determine if the problem exists and whether detailed analysis is needed, prioritizing of problems and assigned personnel

71
Q

What can be defined as a problem?

A

a cluster of similar, related, or recurring incidents/ a component of police business/ a place or person (repeat perpetrators)/ a special event (concert, football game)/ a substantive community concern/ a type of behavior (panhandling, etc)

72
Q

Informally described this can be thought of as two or more incidents similar in one or more ways that are of concern to the police and a problem for the community (both entities view it as this)?

A

a problem

73
Q

What is the crime triangle?

A

victim, offender, place

74
Q

The greater number of these the greater potential for dealing positively with a problem

A

stakeholderrs

75
Q

Who are stakeholders?

A

agencies or individuals who have some control over offenders, business establishments affected by crime, local social and governmental agencies, national organizations or trade associations (MADD), people associated with victims, victims of the problem

76
Q

In some instances the polcie have found that the problem solving efforts is more effective if only two or three of the stakeholders (nucleus group) work throughout the process and other stakeholderrs are brought into process at varying stages as needed to have their input. True or False?

A

true

77
Q

What are environmental surveys used for?

A

assessing the overall physical environment of an area as systematically an objectively as possible

78
Q

What are follow up crime surveys?

A

used to identify some of the causes of crime and aid in the elimination of crime opportunities

79
Q

What do crime prevention surveys provide?

A

information on criminal behavior, when and where crime happened, offender’s MO, targets of attack, crime generators, hot spot locations

80
Q

Research with active offenders focused on five categories. What are they?

A

drug dealers and users, residential burglars, armed robbers, gang members, and gun offenders

81
Q

What are the three areas of concern in the Analysis portion of SARA model?

A

actors involved in the problem (victim, offender, etc), specific incidents (sequence of event and physical contact involved in incident), responses by the community and institutional entitites

82
Q

The mission of this officer is to advance the practice of community policing as an effective strategy in improving officer safety.

A

COPS (Community Oriented Police Services)

83
Q

The Resource Information Center (RIC) offers what?

A

dvds, cds, and training material on a wide range of law enforcement concerns and community policing topics

84
Q

What is a useful framework for developing analysis questions?

A

the crime triangle

85
Q

By doing this with incidents coupled with environmental surveys it may be possible to understand how the lighting pattern or access patterns or other aspects of a location contribute to a problem.

A

mapping or grouping incidents

86
Q

Why is it important to use outside resources when responding to a problem?

A

they can come up with responses that fall outside of normal expertise possessed by law enforcement agencies

87
Q

What can prove to be the most effective response to a problem being studied?

A

combined resources

88
Q

What are the six potential responses for solutions to problems?

A

complete eradication of a problem(total problem elimination), action taken by the police and community can materially reduce a problem (fewer incidents), solutions are unable to reduce the number of incidents but it is possible to alter the characteristics of the incidents (less harmful, serious incidents), generally applied to problems that are jurisdiction wide and involve larger social concerns example dui, runaways (People/institutions affected by the problem are left better equipped to handle similar future problems), applied to problems that have been created by specific business or groups as a by product of operations “not prosecuting shoplifters that are arrested” (remove from police consideration”, a solution occurs when People/institutions affected by the problem are left better equipped to handle similar future problems (better handling of the problem/improved response)

89
Q

Assessment is the final stage of SARA Model and it involves what?

A

measuring how well the program performed

90
Q

What is an increasingly common way for police to gather data in the assessment stage?

A

surveys

91
Q

What are some of the objectives of surveys?

A

analysis of crime and problems, comparison to other police departments (community policing, victimization), evaluating victimization, citizen fearfulness, measure citizens’ willingness to report crimes, police performance, public information efforts

92
Q

COPS off and the Bureau of Justice Statistics have developed a software package that includes a standardized community survey that can be administered by telephone and can be acquired at no charge. True of false

A

true

93
Q

Expressed organizational values can serve as a basis for citizens understanding police function in democracy. True or false

A

true

94
Q

Community policing involves giving officers greater control over what?

A

working conditions and empowerment

95
Q

What style of supervision is unacceptable?

A

authoritarian

96
Q

The most significant feature in a problem solving police department is the involvement of line officers in the decision making process because of increased participation in the problem solving process. True or false

A

true

97
Q

What does increased officer involvement in the decision making process lead to for the officer?

A

increased job satisfaction

98
Q

What stimulus can result in a continuing pattern of goal attainment?

A

praise

99
Q

How must the first line supervisor manage?

A

in a casual manner

100
Q

When risks occur and innovative solutions are sought the margin for error increases dramatically as officers proceed through the learning curve. True or false

A

true

101
Q

What will the critique process identify?

A

training needs and other errors needing correction

102
Q

What type of philosophy should replace power oriented supervision emphasizing an atmosphere of risk taking, creativity and the acceptance of errors in decision making?

A

teamwork philosophy

103
Q

What should failure lead to?

A

growth not recriminations or discipline

104
Q

Dealing with failure should lead to a catalyst for what?

A

professional development

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