Edward I & Wales

Question 1

Under which King did England inadvertently loosen its control of Wales? (1)

Answer 1

Henry III

Question 2

How much of Wales did Henry III control? (1)

Answer 2

All of it apart from the north west of the country

Question 3

What was formed in the mid-13th century in Wales and why? (2)

Answer 3

A tribal union was formed (1) due to a revival of Welsh customs and language (1)

Question 4

Who was the leader of the tribal union formed in Wales? (1)

Answer 4

Llywelyn ap Gruffyd

Question 5

What year did Llywelyn become overlord of Wales? (1)

Answer 5

1267

Question 6

Who recognised Llywelyn as the Prince of Wales? (1)

Answer 6

Henry III

Question 7

What year did Edward I come to the throne? (1)

Answer 7

1272

Question 8

What is homage? (2)

Answer 8

Formal public acknowledgement of feudal allegiance to another person (1); the act of going on bended knee. (1)

Question 9

Did Llywelyn pay homage to Edward I? (1)

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Where and when did Llywelyn start building castles? (2)

Answer 10

Above the Severn valley in 1273

Question 11

Why was Llywelyn building castles a problem for Edward I? (1)

Answer 11

It was a threat to Edward’s royal frontier (1) in Montgomery (1)

Question 12

Who did Llywelyn marry and when? (3)

Answer 12

Llywelyn married Eleanor (1), the daughter of Simon de Montfort (the rival of Edward’s father!) (1) in 1275 (1)

Question 13

How many troops did Edward mobilise to fight Llywelyn and when? (2)

Answer 13

15,600 in 1276

Question 14

How did Llywelyn respond to Edward’s mobilisation? (2)

Answer 14

Llywelyn had no chance and he swore loyalty to Edward (1) in the Treaty of Aberconwy. (1)

Question 15

How did Edward I reassert his control of Wales? (2)

Answer 15

• He built castles throughout Wales

- Filled the castles and towns with Englishmen

Question 16

Name three of the castles that Edward I built in Wales (3)

Answer 16

Any three from:
Harlech
Dalwyddelan
Conwy
Caernarfon
Beaumaris

Question 17

What was the group of castles Edward built in Wales nicknamed? (1)

Answer 17

Iron Ring

Question 18

What was the name of Llywelyn’s brother? (1)

Answer 18

Dafydd

Question 19

Which castle did Llywelyn and Dafydd attack? (1)

Answer 19

Hawarden

Question 20

How did Edward I respond to the attack on Hawarden Castle? (3)

Answer 20

Dafydd was hung, drawn and quartered (1) and Llewelyn’s head was put onto a spike (1) outside the Tower of London. (1)

Question 21

What date was Llywelyn killed? (2)

Answer 21

11th December 1282.

Question 22

How did Edward I complete his conquest of Wales? (4)

Answer 22

He divided Wales into seven counties (1) in 1282 (1)
He enforced English law and language (1)
He gave his eldest son the title ‘Prince of Wales’ (1)

Question 23

Why is Prince Charles today known as the Prince of Wales? (1)

Answer 23

To this day, the eldest son of any king or queen of England is given that title.