Causes of the Battle of Bannockburn Flashcards

1
Q

What year did King Alexander III of Scotland pass away? (1)

A

1286

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2
Q

What did King Alexander III’s death signal? (2)

A
  • It signalled the end of a long period of peace & prosperity in Scotland.
  • It led to a succession crisis as he had no grown up heir to the throne.
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3
Q

What did the Scottish Lords of Congregation decide to do in 1290? (2)

A
  • They asked Edward I to choose the successor to King Alexander from a list of 13 candidates
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4
Q

What were Edward I reign dates? (2)

A

1272-1307

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5
Q

Who did Edward I choose as the successor? (1)

A

John Balliol

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6
Q

What were John Balliol’s reign dates? (2)

A

1292-1296

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7
Q

Why did Edward choose John Balliol? (1)

A

He thought Balliol could be his ‘puppet’ and he could control him.

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8
Q

Why did Edward I invade Scotland in 1296? (2)

A

Balliol made the “Auld” alliance with Phillip of France (1), who was an enemy of Edward. (1)

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9
Q

On what date did Balliol surrender to Edward? (2)

A

10th July 1296

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10
Q

What were the Scottish Wars of Independence? (3)

A

A series of conflicts between England and Scotland (1), driven by Scotland’s desire for independence (1) after Edward conquered in 1296. (1)

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11
Q

Why could the Scottish Wars of Independence be seen as a cause of the Battle of Bannockburn? (2)

A

The Battle of Bannockburn was another battle for independence for Scotland.

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12
Q

What were Edward II’s reign dates? (2)

A

1307-1327

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13
Q

Why was Edward II considered a weak king? (4)

A
  • a self indulgent monarch
  • he gave his favourite nobles, like Gaveston, gifts and priveleges beyond their stature.
  • this annoyed other nobles
  • he was a weak military leader, unlike his father
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14
Q

What were Robert Bruce of Scotland’s reign dates? (2)

A

1306-1329

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15
Q

How did Robert Bruce take advantage of Edward II’s weak leadership? (3)

A

He began to retake castles & land (1), not just in the highlands (1), but in the lowlands which were traditionally allied with the English crown (1).

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16
Q

Who signed the ‘deal’ between England and Scotland at Stirling Castle? (2)

A

Edward Bruce (Robert’s younger brother) & Sir Philip De Mowbray (English commander of Stirling Castle)

17
Q

On what date was the ‘deal’ between England and Scotland at Stirling Castle done? (2)

A

24th June 1313

18
Q

What were the terms of the ‘deal’ between England and Scotland at Stirling Castle? (4)

A

That by 24th June 1314 (1) if no English force had come to relieve the garrison (1) then Sir Philip de Mowbray (1) would hand over control of Stirling Castle to Robert the Bruce. (1)

19
Q

What were Edward II’s thoughts about the ‘deal’ between England and Scotland at Stirling Castle? (3)

A

He did not want to partake in a northern war (1) as it would be expensive (1) and he did not have the full support of the nobility. (1)

20
Q

What did Edward II decide to do about the deal made in 1313? (3)

A

He could not ignore the threat of losing Stirling Castle (1) and control of Scotland and the loss of support (1), homage & taxes that came from the Scottish lowland nobles. (1)

21
Q

What date was the Battle of Bannockburn fought? (2)

A

23-24 June 1314