Education - Social Class INTERNAL Flashcards
What was Becker’s (1971) theory?
The way a person acts/behaves is determined by the way others describe them. Teachers have an ‘ideal’ pupil. Students from non-manual backgrounds were seen closest to this ideal whereas lower w/c were seen as the furthest.
What was Rosenthal and Jacobson’s (1968) theory?
Self-fulfilling prophecy. Teacher expectations. They did an IQ test and 20% of random children were considered ‘spurters’. After, teachers has high expectations of these kids and later did well in school whereas those who weren’t expected much did not do well and predicted the prophecy.
What was Hargreaves Et Al’s (1975) prophecy?
Students were typed or classified in the classroom. There were 3 types:
- Speculation -> Typing based on appearance, relationships with peers, personality, enthusiasm in the classroom etc.
- Evaluation -> Hypothesis is confirmed or contradicted
- Stabilisation -> Teachers feel that they know student well enough so actions are evaluated
What was Ball’s (1981) theory?
Banding. Factors other than ability influenced the bands. Those with non-manual working fathers were likely to be in the top band. Saw w/c behaviour deteriorate as a result of the stereotyping bands. Students of different bands experienced a different sub world of education. Low band students develop anti-school subcultures.
What was Lacey’s (1970) theory?
Pupil subcultures emerge as a response to streaming. Subcultures develop through:
Differentiation -> teachers categorise pupils accordingly
Polarisation -> student responds to this by moving sets
Students then form a:
- Pro-school subculture - m/c, gaining status through success
- Anti-school subculture - w/c, loss of self-esteem
What was Rist’s (1970) theory?
8th day of school kids were permanently sat on 3 different tables. Table 1 = fast learners, Table 2 & 3 = less able. Students were labelled based on their social class
What was Woods’s (1979) theory?
A pupils way of dealing with school life depends on whether they accept or reject the aim of academic success. Pupils accept/reject goals and means with greater or lesser enthusiasm. 8 different modes of adaptation: Ingratiation, Compliance, Opportunism, Ritualists, Retreatists, Colonisation, Intransigence and Rebellion.
What was Gillborn and Youdell’s theory?
A-C economy. Schools are under pressure to stream and select pupils for a good league position. This league is called the A-C economy. This is a system to help student get 5 C’s at gcse. ALSO Educational Triage. The students are the walking wounded (can survive and will be ignored), those who will die anyway (hopeless and will be ignored), those with a chance of survival (will be helped).
What was Bourdieu’s pupil identity theory?
Habitus. Taken for granted ways of thinking, being and acting that are shared by a particular social class. Habitus is formed as a response to their position in the class structure. M/c gain symbolic capital whereas w/c gain symbolic violence
What was Archer’s pupil identity theory?
Nike identity. W/c uses symbolic violence to gain self worth. Not conforming to these styles was considered ‘social suicide’. w/c pupils use Nike identities to gain symbolic capital but teachers oppose and see it as a threat. W/c actively choose to reject education because it does not fit in with their lifestyle
What are the 5 main concepts?
Educational Triage - Educational sorting
Habitus - Way a person of a particular background views the world
Symbolic capital - Gaining status from the school through academic success
Symbolic violence - Devalues w/c students taste to deem them as worthless
Nike identities - W/c actively rejecting education bc it doesn’t fit with their lifestyle. Try to gain symbolic capital through their own branded identity.
