Education - Social Class EXTERNAL Flashcards
What is material deprivation?
Material deprivation is w/c households struggling to give their kids educational opportunities because of finance issues including poverty, poor health, poor housing and lack of equipment
What is cultural deprivation?
Blames educational failure on the w/c child because of their w/c culture. They are inadequately socialised which leads to underachievement
What is Howard’s (2001) theory?
Poor diets leads to underachievement. |Students experience higher levels of illness and therefore absence from school.
What was Reay’s(2005) theory
W/c students are more likely to apply to local universities so they can still live at home and save on travel costs.
What was Sugarman’s theory?
W/c and m/c fair differently in education due to parents’ attitude towards education. M/c tend to have more deferred gratification whereas w/c has more immediate gratification. W/c subcultures have 4 key features:
-Fatalism
-Collectivism
-Immediate gratification
-Present time orientation
What was Douglas’s theory?
Did longitudinal study on 5362 children. Found that w/c parents place less value on education than m/c parents. M/c parents showed interest by:
- More frequent school visits
-Encouraging children to stay in school
-During primary socialisation, m/c children receive greater attention.
Educated parents emphasise constant discipline whereas uneducated parents used more harsh discipline
What was Bernstein’s theory?
m/c use elaborated code. it has clear expression, extensive and imaginative language. w/c use restricted code. it is a shorthand speech and language is particularistic and grammatically simple. Rigid relationships lead to lack of conversation in elaborated code. W/c children are at disadvantage bc Bernstein asserts that they are inferior linguistically
What was Bourdieu’s theory?
Schools transfer social and cultural inequalities from one generation to the next. R/c decide what should be learned. With ‘right culture’ m/c have an advantage in applying to top schools. W/c exclude themselves from getting into elite universities.
What was Gewirtz’s theory?
Studied 14 London schools and found that there are 3 types of parents;
- Privileged skilled choosers -> M/c, lots of economic and cultural capital
- Disconnected local choosers -> W/c, lack of economic and cultural capital and less confident when dealing with schools
- Semi-skilled choosers -> Mainly w/c, ambitious for their children, lacked cultural capital and were often confused and frustrated by the system and getting their child into their preferred school
Who believed in the ‘Myth of cultural deprivation’?
Keddie. They believed that cultural deprivation is a myth and ‘victim blaming’. Schools should recognise w/c strengths rather than spreading class inequality in school. W/c background is different not deprived.
