EDUCATION: social class & educational attainment Flashcards
What did Marilyn Howard find in relation to material deprivation?
Poor nutrition, diet & health lead to poor educational attainment.
Poor diet = weakened immune system = time off school
Lower energy levels = difficulty concentrating
This is most common in the working class.
What did Emily Tanner find in relation to material deprivation?
There is a heavy burden of educational costs of poorer families. Costs of educational equipment disadvantage the working class greatly in education.
What working class values did Sugarmen identify were detrimental to educational attainment.
1) Fatalism
2) Collectivism
3) Immediate gratification
4) Present time orientation
What did Sugarmen mean by fatalism?
The idea that your fate lies in a working class job.
What did Sugarmen mean by collectivism?
The working class have solidarity and a communal attitude. People fear to break away from the collectivism e.g. strive for a job outside of working class culture.
What was Bernstein’s theory of codes?
The elaborative code: A more analytic way of speaking using a range of vocabulary.
The restrictive code: Limited vocabulary, simple sentences, assuming the listener understands.
How might people be disadvantaged by the restrictive code in education?
The working class are more likely to use the restrictive code. However the elaborated code is the one used in education. e.g. by teachers, text books & exam papers.
What is Boudin’s positional theory?
Class position & educational attainment are linked.
Parental attitude has an impact. e.g. professional parents will encourage their children to follow a similar path.
Moving a way from what your family and friends expect of you may cause offence.
What is Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital?
Middle class pupils are more successful because their parents posses more capital aspects.
Capital comes in 2 forms;
Economic capital
Cultural capital
What did Bourdieu mean by economic capital?
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