education paper

Question 1

Q1. 2 reasons marketisation policies produce class inequality?

Answer 1

• schools choose catchment areas, M/C parents a=can afford to move to get into good schools
• schools use subtle ways to avoid taking less able, mainly w/c children, by appealing to M/C parents

Question 2

Q2. 3 reasons for gender differences in educational achievement?

Answer 2

• reduction in coursework, girls achieve better in coursework as they’re better organised
• more female teachers, more role models for girls, advantage over boys
• policies introduced to help girls achieve, WISE, women into school and engineering, outperform boys in all stages

Question 3

Q3. 1 ways the education system might serve the needs of capitalism?

Answer 3

• depends on the proletariat not overthrowing capitalism
• Althusser, acts as an ideological state apparatus
• transmits these values through generations

Question 4

4,p1. external factor which causes differences in social class achievement

Answer 4

cultural deprivation

Question 5

Douglas 1964

what’s a criticism?

Answer 5

many w/c families lack books and educational toys

• causes lack of development in early years
• very outdated

Question 6

Douglas

Answer 6

w/c families place less value on education and going to uni

- leads to lack of motivation

Question 7

Bernstein

Answer 7

w/c restricted code
m/c elaborated code
- benefits m/c as teachers and textbooks use more complex language

Question 8

internal factor affecting class achievement

Answer 8

• labelling

Question 9

Becker and labelling

Answer 9

found that w/c students often end up in lower streams

Question 10

result of labelling

Answer 10

lower confidence and less aspirations

• leads to self fulfilling prophecy
• anti school subculture, go against school values

Question 11

2nd 3xternal factor affecting social class achievement

Answer 11

material circumstances

Question 12

what are examples of material deprivation

Answer 12

• lack of resources such as computer and books at home, impacts primary socialisation
• poorer housing, overcrowding, harder to find quiet place to study

Question 13

Flaherty

Answer 13

argues worn out clothes and hand me downs can lead to these children being bullied
- can be helped through pupils attitudes and wanting to be the first in the family

Question 14

m/c advantage of material circumstances

Answer 14

can turn economic capital into educational capital by sending children to private schools

Question 15

what is a participant observation

Answer 15

• researcher takes part in the everyday activities of the subject while observing them

Question 16

strength of participant observation

Answer 16

• get close to pupils
• gain empathy through personal experience
• gain insights
  depends on researchers ability to gain good relationships
• must be trained

Question 17

limitations of participant observations

Answer 17

can cause bias and lack objectivity

- one sided or bias due to loyalty/concealing information due to fear

Question 18

what do positivist argue about participant observations

Answer 18

• they lack validity

- studies are subjective and biased impression of the observer

Question 19

Whyte’s participant observation study?

Answer 19

• took 4 years to complete
• time consuming
• may not wish to be studied

Question 20

2nd strength of participant observations

Answer 20

• flexibility

- Whyte, ‘I learned answer to questions I would not have had the sense to ask if I had been using interviews’

Question 21

2nd strength of participant observations, extra

Answer 21

• large amounts of qualitative data

- gain valid insights and collect reliable data

Question 22

Q4. 2nd way education system serves capitalism

Answer 22

• generating workers who are forced to undertake low pay, alienation to survive
• Bowels and Gintis
• schools have close parallels which mirror the work environment
• creates obedient workforce