education- external factors

Question 1

external factors of achievement:

Answer 1

• cultural deprivation
• material deprivation
• cultural capital

Question 2

what is cultural deprivation?

Answer 2

• about basic values, attitudes and skills that are needed for educational success
• many W/C families fail to socialise their children adequately

Question 3

3 aspects of cultural deprivation?

Answer 3

• intellectual development
• language
• attitudes and values

Question 4

intellectual development?

Answer 4

• many W/C homes lack the books, educational toys and activities that would stimulate a child’s intellectual development

Question 5

Bernstein (1975) on language:

Answer 5

• restricted code
• elaborated code
• puts M/C at an advantage as schools use elaborated code

Question 6

what is Bernsteins restricted code?

Answer 6

• used by W/C, limited vocabulary, grammatically simple sentences

Question 7

Bernsteins elaborated code?

Answer 7

• used by M/C, wider vocab, more complex

Question 8

Carl Bereiter and siegfried Englemann (1966) on language

Answer 8

• language used in W/C homes is deficient

Question 9

Douglas on attitudes and values?

Answer 9

• found W/C parents place less value on education

- leads to lower levels of motivation

Question 10

Herbert Hyman (1967) on attitudes and values

Answer 10

• argues the values and beliefs of lower class subcultures are a ‘self imposed barrier’ to educational success.

Question 11

what is compensatory education?

Answer 11

• a policy designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools in deprived areas

Question 12

Nell Keddle (1973) on the myth of cultural deprivation

Answer 12

• describes it as a myth and sees it as a victim blaming explanation, W/C children are simply culturally different, not deprived

Question 13

whats material deprivation?

stat

Answer 13

• refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
• 90% of ‘failing’ schools are located in deprived areas

Question 14

how does housing effect achievement?

Answer 14

• overcrowding: makes it harder to study quietly

- childs health and welfare

Question 15

Marilyn Howard (2001) on material deprivation?

Answer 15

• notes young people from poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals

Question 16

what does Bourdieu argue?

Answer 16

• both cultural and material factors contribute to educational achievement and are not separate but interrelated

Question 17

what is cultural capital?

Answer 17

• refers to knowledge, attitudes, values. language, tastes and abilities of the m/c
• through socialisation m/c children acquire the ability to grasp, analyse and express abstract ideas

Question 18

what does Bourdieu argue argue about educational and economic capital?

Answer 18

• can turn one into the other
• wealthy parents can turn their economic capital into educational capital by sending their children to private school and paying for tutors

Question 19

Dennis Leech and Eric Campus (2003)

Answer 19

M/C parents can afford houses in catchment areas of highly ranked schools
- ‘selection by mortgage’