education- external factors Flashcards
external factors of achievement:
- cultural deprivation
- material deprivation
- cultural capital
what is cultural deprivation?
- about basic values, attitudes and skills that are needed for educational success
- many W/C families fail to socialise their children adequately
3 aspects of cultural deprivation?
- intellectual development
- language
- attitudes and values
intellectual development?
- many W/C homes lack the books, educational toys and activities that would stimulate a child’s intellectual development
Bernstein (1975) on language:
- restricted code
- elaborated code
- puts M/C at an advantage as schools use elaborated code
what is Bernsteins restricted code?
- used by W/C, limited vocabulary, grammatically simple sentences
Bernsteins elaborated code?
- used by M/C, wider vocab, more complex
Carl Bereiter and siegfried Englemann (1966) on language
- language used in W/C homes is deficient
Douglas on attitudes and values?
- found W/C parents place less value on education
- leads to lower levels of motivation
Herbert Hyman (1967) on attitudes and values
- argues the values and beliefs of lower class subcultures are a ‘self imposed barrier’ to educational success.
what is compensatory education?
- a policy designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools in deprived areas
Nell Keddle (1973) on the myth of cultural deprivation
- describes it as a myth and sees it as a victim blaming explanation, W/C children are simply culturally different, not deprived
whats material deprivation?
stat
- refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
- 90% of ‘failing’ schools are located in deprived areas
how does housing effect achievement?
- overcrowding: makes it harder to study quietly
- childs health and welfare
Marilyn Howard (2001) on material deprivation?
- notes young people from poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals
what does Bourdieu argue?
- both cultural and material factors contribute to educational achievement and are not separate but interrelated
what is cultural capital?
- refers to knowledge, attitudes, values. language, tastes and abilities of the m/c
- through socialisation m/c children acquire the ability to grasp, analyse and express abstract ideas
what does Bourdieu argue argue about educational and economic capital?
- can turn one into the other
- wealthy parents can turn their economic capital into educational capital by sending their children to private school and paying for tutors
Dennis Leech and Eric Campus (2003)
M/C parents can afford houses in catchment areas of highly ranked schools
- ‘selection by mortgage’
