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education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a formal education?

A
  • specialised institution delivering academic studies

- e.g schools, colleges

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2
Q

What is an informal education?

A
  • delivered by other non specialised institutions

- e.g family, work

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3
Q

What’s a structuralist sociologist?

A
  • studies the importance of education and its function/effect on the individual and society
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4
Q

What is an interactionist sociologist?

A
  • study what happens in school

- e.g relationships, curriculum and classroom behaviour

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5
Q

What is a consensus perspective?

A
  • look at how aspects of society work to maintain the ‘common good’ benefiting everyone
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6
Q

What is a conflict perspective?

A
  • look at how aspects of society seem to only benefit some groups over others
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7
Q

What theories are a consensus perspectives?

A
  • functionalists

- new right

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8
Q

What’s theories are a conflict perspective?

A
  • Marxists

- feminists

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9
Q

Why is functionalists a consensus perspective on the role of education?

A
  • provides socialisation (norms and values)
  • promotes solidarity
  • provides skills/qualifications
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10
Q

Why is new right a consensus perspective on the role of education?

A
  • equal opportunities
  • provides socialisation (n/g)
  • however : state schools= not good
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11
Q

Why is Marxists a conflict perspective on education?

A
  • continues class inequality

- encourages hierarchies and obedience

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12
Q

Why are feminists a conflict perspective on the role of education?

A
  • continues gender inequality
  • Girls treated differently
  • e.g encouraged to different subjects
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13
Q

What is social mobility?

A
  • people’s ability to move up/down from the social class they’re born into
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14
Q

What is the ethnocentric curriculum?

A
  • when the school system is geared towards one view or culture
  • e.g subjects tend to focus on British values and culture
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15
Q

What is legitimation?

A
  • making inequality seem as though it’s fair and legitimate
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16
Q

What is the equality of opportunity?

A
  • when all people have the same chances to achieve and succeed
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17
Q

What is universalistic standards?

A
  • rules that apply to every member of a society or system, without exception
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18
Q

What is the reproduction of inequality?

A
  • maintaining and continuing the status people were born into
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19
Q

What does Parsons say about meritocracy?

A
  • everyone’s able to work their way up the social class system
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20
Q

What is the myth of meritocracy?

A
  • people aren’t able to move along the social class ladder and they stay in the class they’re born into
21
Q

What is an external factor of achievement?

A
  • outside the education system
  • influence of society
  • e.g parents aspirations
22
Q

What is an internal factor of education and achievement?

A
  • within the schools
  • interactions with student law and teachers
  • e.g student sub cultures
23
Q

What’s a statistic for cultural deprivation of children living in deprived areas?

A
  • up to 50% of children fr deprived areas start primary school with inadequate language/communication skills
24
Q

What are 2 types of cultural deprivation?

A
  • intellectual development

- language

25
Q

What does Douglas, 1964 say about intellectual development?

A
  • many W/C homes lack books and educational toys, so less developed in early years
26
Q

What does Douglas, 1964 say about W/C value on education?

A
  • they put less value on this/going to university
27
Q

What does Bernstein say about language?

A
  • W/C use restricted code

- U/P use elaborated code

28
Q

What is Bernstein’s restricted code?

A
  • limited vocabulary

- short sentences

29
Q

What is Bernstein’s elaborated code?

A
  • wider vocab

- complex and varied

30
Q

What are types of material deprivation?

A
  • housing
  • diet and health
  • financial support
31
Q

Why may housing affect educational achievement?

A
  • overcrowding=nowhere to study

- sharing rooms=less sleep

32
Q

what does Smith and Noble say impacts educational achievement?

A
  • material deprivation
33
Q

what does Flaherty, 2004 say that can lead to bullying?

A
  • hand me downs/worn out clothes
34
Q

what does Fernstien, 1998 say about w/c attitudes and values?

A
  • parents lack of interest in children’s education leads to lack of motivation and discipline
35
Q

what are criticisms of cultural deprivation?

A

int dev- can be helped by nursery/playgrounds

language- saying w/c have inadequate lang is controversial

36
Q

what does Bourdieu, 1984 argue contributes to educational achievement?

A
  • cultural and material factors
37
Q

what is cultural capital?

A
  • refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of the middle class
38
Q

what can wealthier parents turn their economic capital into?

A
  • educational capital by sending children to private school
39
Q

who’s more likely to be able to afford a house in the catchment for a good school?

A
  • middle class
40
Q

what can league tables cause schools to do?

A
  • focus effort and resources on who are likely to achieve 5 A*-Cs
  • selecting students, leaving out potentially difficult students
41
Q

what do people suggest about marketisation and selection?`

A
  • schools use subtle ways to select mostly m/c students by appealing to m/c parents
42
Q

what is labelling?

A
  • to attach a definition to a person/group
43
Q

what can being placed in a lower stream lead to?

A
  • lower confidence, less challenging work, less aspirations

- being labelled as ‘low ability’= don’t achieve

44
Q

what is the self fulfilling prophecy?

A
  • when a students label becomes true and they continue to work at this ability
45
Q

what does Douglas say about higher streams?

A
  • it can improve IQ (from 8-11)
46
Q

what did Douglas and Engleman 1964 say about intellectual and linguistic skills?

A
  • that the language spoken at home by low income black families in America was inadequate for educational progress
47
Q

what do some sociologists argue about young black boys attitudes and values?

A
  • they grow up with a short term attitude (live for today) which demotivates them from education
48
Q

what does Palmer 2012 say about ethnicity and material deprivation?

A
  • nearly 1/2 of ethnic minority families are low income households compared to 1/4 of white British families

sociology (11 decks)

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