education Flashcards
1
Q
What is a formal education?
A
- specialised institution delivering academic studies
- e.g schools, colleges
2
Q
What is an informal education?
A
- delivered by other non specialised institutions
- e.g family, work
3
Q
What’s a structuralist sociologist?
A
- studies the importance of education and its function/effect on the individual and society
4
Q
What is an interactionist sociologist?
A
- study what happens in school
- e.g relationships, curriculum and classroom behaviour
5
Q
What is a consensus perspective?
A
- look at how aspects of society work to maintain the ‘common good’ benefiting everyone
6
Q
What is a conflict perspective?
A
- look at how aspects of society seem to only benefit some groups over others
7
Q
What theories are a consensus perspectives?
A
- functionalists
- new right
8
Q
What’s theories are a conflict perspective?
A
- Marxists
- feminists
9
Q
Why is functionalists a consensus perspective on the role of education?
A
- provides socialisation (norms and values)
- promotes solidarity
- provides skills/qualifications
10
Q
Why is new right a consensus perspective on the role of education?
A
- equal opportunities
- provides socialisation (n/g)
- however : state schools= not good
11
Q
Why is Marxists a conflict perspective on education?
A
- continues class inequality
- encourages hierarchies and obedience
12
Q
Why are feminists a conflict perspective on the role of education?
A
- continues gender inequality
- Girls treated differently
- e.g encouraged to different subjects
13
Q
What is social mobility?
A
- people’s ability to move up/down from the social class they’re born into
14
Q
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
A
- when the school system is geared towards one view or culture
- e.g subjects tend to focus on British values and culture
15
Q
What is legitimation?
A
- making inequality seem as though it’s fair and legitimate
16
Q
What is the equality of opportunity?
A
- when all people have the same chances to achieve and succeed
17
Q
What is universalistic standards?
A
- rules that apply to every member of a society or system, without exception
18
Q
What is the reproduction of inequality?
A
- maintaining and continuing the status people were born into
19
Q
What does Parsons say about meritocracy?
A
- everyone’s able to work their way up the social class system
20
Q
What is the myth of meritocracy?
A
- people aren’t able to move along the social class ladder and they stay in the class they’re born into
21
Q
What is an external factor of achievement?
A
- outside the education system
- influence of society
- e.g parents aspirations
22
Q
What is an internal factor of education and achievement?
A
- within the schools
- interactions with student law and teachers
- e.g student sub cultures
23
Q
What’s a statistic for cultural deprivation of children living in deprived areas?
A
- up to 50% of children fr deprived areas start primary school with inadequate language/communication skills
24
Q
What are 2 types of cultural deprivation?
A
- intellectual development
- language
25
What does Douglas, 1964 say about intellectual development?
- many W/C homes lack books and educational toys, so less developed in early years
26
What does Douglas, 1964 say about W/C value on education?
- they put less value on this/going to university
27
What does Bernstein say about language?
- W/C use restricted code
| - U/P use elaborated code
28
What is Bernstein’s restricted code?
- limited vocabulary
| - short sentences
29
What is Bernstein’s elaborated code?
- wider vocab
| - complex and varied
30
What are types of material deprivation?
- housing
- diet and health
- financial support
31
Why may housing affect educational achievement?
- overcrowding=nowhere to study
| - sharing rooms=less sleep
32
what does Smith and Noble say impacts educational achievement?
- material deprivation
33
what does Flaherty, 2004 say that can lead to bullying?
- hand me downs/worn out clothes
34
what does Fernstien, 1998 say about w/c attitudes and values?
- parents lack of interest in children's education leads to lack of motivation and discipline
35
what are criticisms of cultural deprivation?
int dev- can be helped by nursery/playgrounds
| language- saying w/c have inadequate lang is controversial
36
what does Bourdieu, 1984 argue contributes to educational achievement?
- cultural and material factors
37
what is cultural capital?
- refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of the middle class
38
what can wealthier parents turn their economic capital into?
- educational capital by sending children to private school
39
who's more likely to be able to afford a house in the catchment for a good school?
- middle class
40
what can league tables cause schools to do?
- focus effort and resources on who are likely to achieve 5 A*-Cs
- selecting students, leaving out potentially difficult students
41
what do people suggest about marketisation and selection?`
- schools use subtle ways to select mostly m/c students by appealing to m/c parents
42
what is labelling?
- to attach a definition to a person/group
43
what can being placed in a lower stream lead to?
- lower confidence, less challenging work, less aspirations
| - being labelled as 'low ability'= don't achieve
44
what is the self fulfilling prophecy?
- when a students label becomes true and they continue to work at this ability
45
what does Douglas say about higher streams?
- it can improve IQ (from 8-11)
46
what did Douglas and Engleman 1964 say about intellectual and linguistic skills?
- that the language spoken at home by low income black families in America was inadequate for educational progress
47
what do some sociologists argue about young black boys attitudes and values?
- they grow up with a short term attitude (live for today) which demotivates them from education
48
what does Palmer 2012 say about ethnicity and material deprivation?
- nearly 1/2 of ethnic minority families are low income households compared to 1/4 of white British families
