EDU 110 Quiz 2 Flashcards
How are the three categories of written language related to dyslexia?
Alphabetic: symbols represent individual sounds of speech
Syllabic: symbols represent larger parts of words
Morphophonemic/logographic: symbols represent elements of meaning and sound
What are pragmatics and meta-linguistic awareness?
Pragmatics: meaning of language can be different according to social, cultural, or sentence context (idols, slang, reverse meaning)
Metalinguistic awareness: ability to think about language and understand that it is a tool people use that can be changed
How is statistical learning related to language development?
Statistical learning: humans’ ability to extract statistical regularities from the world round them to learn about the environment
(Learning the ways in which language patterns go together)
Happy baby (Yb not a word)
What does a child need to learn to decode words?
Phonological processing/awareness
(one-to-one letter sound relationships, vowels, two letters make one sound etc) word decoding
What mental processes are involved in language comprehension and reading comprehension?
reading comprehension: language comprehension + decoding
language comprehension: linguistic knowledge + semantics + syntax + phonology + background knowledge
What is the core problem in dyslexia and when are clear symptoms of dyslexia first observed?
problems with phonological awareness (not visual processes) lead to dyslexia, typically observed between kindergarten and 2nd grade
What do we now about intervention for dyslexia?
Children with dyslexia respond effectively to reading interventions, but intervention has not closed the gap for fluency
What is response to intervention (RTI)?
method of assessment for identifying learning disability using multi-tiered systems of support that tests students’ response to changes in the intensity of the curriculum (if increase in intensity of curriculum is effective, student may not have a learning disability, but if the student doesn’t respond to changes in intensity, they may have a disability)
What is fluency and what role does it play in dyslexia?
fluency: how rapidly you can execute word processing in reading
children with dyslexia often attain reading accuracy, but not fluency so they read slower
What is the “What Works Clearinghouse” and how can it be used in school with respect to reading intervention?
provides information on evidence based curriculum including practice guides, intervention reports
What is a major mental process involved in dyscalculia?
magnitude perception: ability to quickly estimate the number of items in a set (see differences in magnitude, represent them in your mind, translate them into numbers)
When does this mental process begin to develop?
8-9 months (infancy)
How are dyscalculia and dyslexia similar?
Both involve neural connections involved in development of working memory. Dyslexia involves issue with phonological loop and phoneme processing (domain specific language related mental processes), Dyscalculia involves issues with visual-spatial sketch and magnitude perception (domain specific number related mental processes).
What does subtilizing refer to?
Ability to instantly recognize the number on a set without counting.
How can abacus intervention impact dyscalculia?
Long term practice (2-3 years) with an abacus may provide students with repeated practice in manipulating concrete differences in magnitude on number lines (reduces risk for problems in math learning)
What is the difference between working memory and other types of memory?
working memory: capacity to hold and manipulate mentally represented information over time (using declarative, episodic, and procedural memory)
short term memory: hold information in the mind for a brief time
long term memory: holds information for minutes, hours, days, years
What is cognitive control?
system of fast mental processes that monitor performance/behavior to increase successful attainment of goals (involves reactive and proactive processes)
How does our brain let us know we have made an error and how fast does this occur?
Error monitoring (occurs across all sensory processes) 50-100 ms after making an error
How does cognitive control develop?
Begins gradually in response to experience and brain maturation (last to develop in 20s)
What is self-regulated learning?
goal directed strategic action guided by motivation and metacognition, taking control and evaluating one’s own learning
What are the symptoms of ADHD?
Persistent pattern of inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
What types of working memory problems are most common for students with ADHD?
reordering: maintaining and rearranging information in mind
updating: active monitoring of incoming information and replacing outdated with relevant information
dual processing: maintaining information in mind while performing a second task
ADHD is associated with what type of significant health risk?
Accident prone due to impulsivity
What role can teachers play in the outcomes of children with ADHD?
Identifying ADHD using the standardized teacher report, monitoring a child’s progress when they are on medication, be confident they can work with children with ADHD
