EDU 110 QUIZ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is educational psychology?

A

study of mental processes that affect learning in students and the teaching process, and the measurement of education outcomes

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2
Q

How many students in US schools are provided services on the federal idea law?

A

15% of all students (7.3 million) are served under the Individuals with disabilities education act

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3
Q

Are all types of research science? Why or why not?

A

No- induction alone can be research, whereas science involved induction, deduction, and operationalization. (you can do historical research but that doesn’t necessarily make it scientific)

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4
Q

What would be good evidence that a new method of education works?

A

Two high quality group experimental studies supporting treatment efficacy, or five high quality single subject designs, 3 different researchers, 3 different locations, at least 20 participants.

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5
Q

What is the “what works clearing house?”

A

Group that reviews research to find out what really works in education. They create intervention reports, evidence snapshots, practice guides, and quick reviews. (help you change education curriculum)

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6
Q

Why is preschool education so important?

A

Due to patterns of neural development, infancy is a critical period for children to learn, most neural connections built between infancy and age 3.

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7
Q

What is operant learning?

A

Learning occurs by association of actions with events/rewards/punishments/consequences. It follows behavior of ABC’s, antecedent, behavior, consequence.

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8
Q

What was the cognitive revolution?

A

Cognitive science expanded beyond the operational conditioning model, and other methods of learning were examined and studied.

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9
Q

What part of the brain do mental processes come from?

A

The flow of information across the whole brain- gray matter.

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10
Q

What are the four mental processes involved in early language development?

A

Phonemic processing, statistical learning, working memory, and processing joint attention.

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11
Q

What is the current state of scientific knowledge on pre-kindergarten effects?

A

Preschool intervention can promote growth in executive function skills.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of high quality preschool education?

A
  1. High staff qualifications, professional development for teachers, higher salaries.
  2. Class sizes should be small, full day programs.
  3. Developmentally appropriate, evidence-based curriculum, ongoing program evaluation.
  4. Onsite comprehensive services for children.
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13
Q

What is the evidence that an academic achievement gap related to poverty may begin in infancy?

A

There are differences in language development by 18 months. Exposure to biological and psychological risks affect developing brain.

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14
Q

What are the sources of risk and toxic stress for young children?

A

Maltreatment, parental substance abuse, and postpartum depression. Toxic stress causes damaged neuron connections, which affects learning.

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15
Q

How does the United States compare to other countries in providing high-quality preschool?

A

Far behind other countries. Less enrollment of 3 year olds, share of GDP spent on preschool, teacher to child ratio bad etc.

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16
Q

What are the two operational definitions of intelligence?

A
  1. Performance on multiple tasks that measure mental processes that relate to or predict differences in rate of learning K-12.
  2. Performance on tasks that measure cognitive processes that relate to or predict intensity of mental deterioration in adults.
17
Q

What percentage of children served under IDEA are affected by intellectual disability?

A

7.3 million or 15% of all children in public schools have learning problems.

18
Q

Why was the Larry P. vs Riles court case important?

A

Prohibited from using IQ tests to place students in EMR classes, all children automatically enrolled in general education. IQ is not inherently biased, but sample size is.

19
Q

What are the two types of errors or bias associated with assessments like IQ tests?

A

Type 1: falsely concluding that a problem exists when it does not
Type 2: falsely concluding that no problems exist when one does exist

20
Q

What factors beside brain development and genetics affect intelligence?

A

Poverty (malnutrition, toxic stress, single-parent household) education (better education signals better cognitive development)

21
Q

What is the evidence against the Biological determinism theory of the “achievement gap?”

A

There are no genes that define racial group for intelligence, depression, athletic abilities, etc. Any two people are 99.9% identical in their DNA.

22
Q

What are the mental processes involved in the cultural determinism theory of the “achievement gap?”

A

Cognitive affective implicit bias, prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, stereotype threat, negative impact on cognition and test-taking.

23
Q

What is a stereotype threat?

A

People are or feel themselves at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group.

24
Q

What are incremental and entity attributions about IQ and how do they affect education?

A

People with an entity attribution believe intelligence is fixed, while those with incremental attributions believe intelligence is malleable and can be changed with effort. Children with growth mindset overcome academic challenges.

25
Q

Is it possible to change prejudice in people, if so, how?

A

Yes. Some people can exert cognitive control to fight their implicit biases, but it often takes time to see real change.

26
Q

What is the relation between poverty and academic achievement?

A

Less poverty –> higher academic achievement
More poverty –> Lower academic achievement
Disadvantage of poverty accumulates as children get older

27
Q

How can poverty affect learning and cognition?

A

Poverty is stressful, and stress affects mental processes. Increases the challenge to process information.

28
Q

How can structural determinism/institutional racism impact the quality of schools?

A

Structural determinism, (societal discrimination that leads to differences in occupational opportunity) affects schools. Students inhibited by low achievement schools, cost of hiring teachers, class size, socioeconomic status, public vs. private access etc.

29
Q

What ways can poor nutrition impact children’s ability to learn?

A

Malnutrition can lead to insufficient energy to learn, affect signaling between enteric nervous system and the central nervous system that negatively affects learning. (brain gut connection)

30
Q

What are teratogens and how do they play a role in structural determinism?

A

Chemical, medication, street drugs, disease, or any environmental aspect that can interfere with embryonic development. Low socioeconomic status often leads to exposure of these teratogens. (lead in paint in lower level buildings)