Edited Chapter 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

the study of humanity. A broad social science with varied foci on human biological and cultural adaptations, human origins, and biological and cultural evolution as well as modern cultures.

Question 2

Archeology

Answer 2

the study of humanity through the analysis of the material remains of human behavior, the study of the things that people made and used in the past that have been fortuitously preserved.

Question 3

linguistics

Answer 3

subfield of anthropology that focuses on language.

Question 4

Primates

Answer 4

members of the taxonomic order Primates. Animals possessed of grasping hands and feet, stereoscopic vision, and relatively large brains (in proportion to body size).

Question 5

Primatologist

Answer 5

A person who studies primates: prosimians, monkeys, or apes.

Question 6

Jane Goodall

Answer 6

among fields best known primatologists, work among chimpanzees directly provided enormous insight into lives of chimps and indirectly lives of our ancient ancestors

Question 7

Catastrophism

Answer 7

Catastrophist: An adherent to the perspective that the current appearance of the earth can be best explained as having resulted from a series of natural catastrophes - for example, floods and volcanoes. - believed the world changed dramatically since creation through series of catastrophic natural processes set in motion by god upon original creation of world

Question 8

Age of the Earth discussion

Answer 8

James Usher, Irish archbishop 4004 BCE, night 23 oct. 1659

Question 9

Uniformitarianism

Answer 9

The belief that the appearance of the earth could best be understood as resulting from the slow action of known processes over a very long period of time.

Question 10

Erosion

Answer 10

the disintegration and transportation of geological material by wind, water, or ice.

Question 11

Charles Lyell

Answer 11

most eloquent and thorough of uniformatarianists, “all past changes on the globe had been brought about by the slow agency of existing causes”, time necessary to produce the kinds of geological features seen on earth if slow agency was considered, applied his fundamental axiom to estimate ages of significant geological features, uniformatarianists who followed applied similar approach: measure current erosion or deposition rates and calculate how long processes must have been ongoing to produce size of feature,

Question 12

Charles Darwin

Answer 12

evolution focus of his work, noticed that animals on islands off coast of south America were not identical to animals on mainland, altered after migrating descendants adapted to different environmental conditions, variation in a species provided some with characteristics that allowed for better chance of survival(natural selection), viewed biological world as result of natural processes of change

Question 13

Stratigraphy

Answer 13

Stratigraphic (stratigraphy): related to the geological or cultural layer in which something has been found

Question 14

john Frere’s Discovery

Answer 14

found stone axes in brick earth quarry in hoxne village, first time primitive stone tools excavated at great depth, bones of extinct animals found above tools in more recent soil layers, placement implied great age fr tools and humans that made them, argument for antiquity of artifacts was stratigraphic position in quarry,

Question 15

Three Age System

Answer 15

chronological breakdown of the history of human culture into a stone, bronze, and iron age. Developed in 1836 by J. C. Thomsen - stone bronze and iron based on most favored raw materials used to make tools during the three epochs, first in series of approaches to changes in culture that can be labled unilineal evolution based on assumption single pathway of tech progress along all cultures passed

Question 16

Adaption

Answer 16

mode or strategy for survival/ an adaptation can be a physical or cultural behavior

Question 17

Natural Selection

Answer 17

the process proposed by Charles Darwin for how species evolve. Those individuals in a species that possess advantageous characteristics are more likely to survive and pass down those characteristics than are individuals that do not possess those advantages.

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

systematic change through time of biological organisms or human cultural systems.

Question 19

Creationism

Answer 19

Creationist: One who believes that the universe, the earth, life, and humanity are the product of the creation of an all-powerful god. World created by god, same as we see it now, world was fixed or set at creation, apart from minor cyclical changes like seasons everything changed little if at all since creation less than 6000 years previously